Positive influence of parental education on growth of children – statistical analysis of correlation between social and nutritional factors on children’s height using the St. Nicolas House Analysis

Martin, Lidia; Dorjee, Binu; Groth, Detlef; Scheffler, Christiane

doi:10.1127/anthranz/2020/1177

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…SNHA thus immediately visualizes essential associations between extensive interacting variables and hugely complicated matrices. The method was found particularly convenient when dissecting the impact of parental education, various social variables and nutrition on child growth in studies in Indian and Indonesian school children [4,13,14]. The method is able to create initial foundations for later hypotheses that in a second step may then be part of additional hypothesis-driven testing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chain Reversion for Detecting Associations in Interacting Variables—St. Nicolas House Analysis

Hermanussen

Aßmann

Groth

2021

IJERPH

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(1) Background: We present a new statistical approach labeled as “St. Nicolas House Analysis” (SNHA) for detecting and visualizing extensive interactions among variables. (2) Method: We rank absolute bivariate correlation coefficients in descending order according to magnitude and create hierarchic “association chains” defined by sequences where reversing start and end point does not alter the ordering of elements. Association chains are used to characterize dependence structures of interacting variables by a graph. (3) Results: SNHA depicts association chains in highly, but also in weakly correlated data, and is robust towards spurious accidental associations. Overlapping association chains can be visualized as network graphs. Between independent variables significantly fewer associations are detected compared to standard correlation or linear model-based approaches. (4) Conclusion: We propose reversible association chains as a principle to detect dependencies among variables. The proposed method can be conceptualized as a non-parametric statistical method. It is especially suited for secondary data analysis as only aggregate information such as correlations matrices are required. The analysis provides an initial approach for clarifying potential associations that may be subject to subsequent hypothesis testing.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chain Reversion for Detecting Associations in Interacting Variables—St. Nicolas House Analysis

Hermanussen

Aßmann

Groth

2021

IJERPH

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“…The earning opportunity and level of education usually coexist and are intricately related. Similarly, association of mother’s education was shown to have influence on growth in height directly and indirectly to BAZ using SNHA (Martin et al, 2020). The association of mother’s occupation with BAZ could be due to the absence of information on mother’s education in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The empowerment of mother through job/earning can influence the nutritional outcomes in children. Since this study lacks information on mother’s education, which can directly influence children’s growth, thereby leading to increase in BAZ (Martin et al, 2020). This study supports the notion that girls’ BAZ can be influenced by the status of their mother’s earnings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hierarchy of Associations Between BMI-for-Agez-Scores, Growth and Family Social Status Among Urban Bengali Girls of Siliguri Town, West Bengal: A St. Nicolas House Analysis

Dorjee¹,

Saha²,

Sen³

2021

Journal of the Anthropological Survey of India

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The present study assesses the association of different socio-economic variables with children’s BMI-for-age z-scores (BAZ) and influence of children’s height on BAZ, a proxy index of nutritional status. The study was undertaken among 322 girls belonging to the Bengali Hindu Caste Population (BHCP) aged 5–13 years. These girls were the students of two schools located in Siliguri town of West Bengal, India. The prevalence of short stature, underweight and overweight was assessed using the World Health Organization’s ( WHO, 2007 , Growth Reference Data for 5–19 years) references. The statistical analyses used were St. Nicolas House Analysis (SNHA), analysis of variance (ANOVA), linear and logistic regression. The prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity was 19.3%, 17.8% and 5.9%, respectively. The prevalence of short stature (−2.0 HAZ) was 8.7%. The range of BAZ was from −5.69 to 4.15. The variation of BAZ explained by height-for-age z-scores (HAZ) was 11.4%. The BAZ was observed to be associated with mothers’ occupation as revealed by 2% variation through SNHA analysis. The present study observed the usefulness of SNHA for non-parametric data with unequal sub-sample or categories. However, SNHA was not devised to assess the direction and magnitude of variables of interest. The finding of the present study supports the use of BAZ as a proxy adiposity measure among the overweight/obese populations and populations with normal growth in height. The study further supports the recommendations that mother empowerment can help improve nutritional status of a girl child.

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“…Under particular circumstances St. Nicolas House Analysis is able to also reflect causality within network graphs. Lidia Martin studied the effect of parental educational status on child growth in seven Indian datasets, from West Bengal (10-17 years, 547 girls and 523 boys), Kolkata 1982 (7-16 years, 825 boys), Sunderban 2009 (1-5 years, 324 boys and 351 girls), Kolkata 1999Kolkata and 2005Kolkata -2011 boy and girls), Sikkim 2015 (2-18 years, 544 boys and girls), Sunderban 2015Sunderban , 2016 boys and 330 girls), Southern part of West Bengal 2018 (1-5 years, 556 boys and girls) (Martin et al 2020) using the St. Nicolas House Analysis (Groth et al 2019).The datasets included information on z-scores for body height and weight, variables that indicate nutritional status (SF, MUAC, and BMI), and socioeconomic variables including household income and parental education. St. Nico-las House Analysis detected association chains between parental education and body height that were not mediated via nutritional status.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth, Nutrition and Economy

Hermanussen¹,

Martin

Groth

et al. 2021

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Twenty-three scientists met at Krobielowice, Poland to discuss the role of growth, nutrition and economy on body size. Contrasting prevailing concepts, re-analyses of studies in Indonesian and Guatemalan school children with high prevalence of stunting failed to provide evidence for an association between nutritional status and body height. Direct effects of parental education on growth that were not transmitted via nutrition were shown in Indian datasets using network analysis and novel statistical methods (St. Nicolas House Analysis) that translate correlation matrices into network graphs. Data on Polish children suggest significant impact of socioeconomic sensitivity on child growth, with no effect of maternal money satisfaction. Height and maturation tempo affect the position of a child among its peers. Correlations also exist between mood disorders and height. Secular changes in height and weight varied across decades independent of population size. Historic and recent Russian data showed that height of persons whose fathers performed manual work were on average four cm shorter than persons whose fathers were high-degree specialists. Body height, menarcheal age, and body proportions are sensitive to socioeconomic variables. Additional topics included delayed motherhood and its associations with newborn size; geographic and socioeconomic indicators related to low birth weight, prematurity and stillbirth rate; data on anthropometric history of Brazil, 1850-1950; the impact of central nervous system stimulants on the growth of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; and pituitary development and growth hormone secretion. Final discussions debated on reverse causality interfering between social position, and adolescent growth and developmental tempo.

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Positive influence of parental education on growth of children – statistical analysis of correlation between social and nutritional factors on children’s height using the St. Nicolas House Analysis

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Chain Reversion for Detecting Associations in Interacting Variables—St. Nicolas House Analysis

Chain Reversion for Detecting Associations in Interacting Variables—St. Nicolas House Analysis

Hierarchy of Associations Between BMI-for-Agez-Scores, Growth and Family Social Status Among Urban Bengali Girls of Siliguri Town, West Bengal: A St. Nicolas House Analysis

Growth, Nutrition and Economy

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