Positive influence of Sm3+ ion on the ~ 2.85 µm emission in Yb3+/Ho3+ co-doped silica-germanate glass

Fluoroindate Glass Co-Doped with Yb3+/Ho3+ as a 2.85 μm Luminescent Source for MID-IR Sensing

“…Based on the simplified energy diagram of Yb 3+ and Ho 3+ ions, we deduced that a shorter decay time on 5 I 7 level can restrain the ESA1 process and amplify the intensity of 2µm emission. Moreover, the faster radiative relaxation of 5 I 7 than 5 I 6 level supports inversion in the ions population between these levels, which is beneficial for the population accumulation of upper level of~2.85 µm emissions, which originated from Ho 3+ : 5 I 6 → 5 I 7 transition [42].…”

“…that a shorter decay time on 5 I7 level can restrain the ESA1 process and amplify the intensity of 2μm emission. Moreover, the faster radiative relaxation of 5 I7 than 5 I6 level supports inversion in the ions population between these levels, which is beneficial for the population accumulation of upper level of ~2.85 μm emissions, which originated from Ho 3+ : 5 I6 → 5 I7 transition [42]. In both analyzed cases, decay curves are not linear, hence we used a double-exponential function to estimate the average lifetime.…”