Positive outcomes of social norm transgressions

Popa, Monica; Phillips, Barbara J.; Robertson, Courtney

doi:10.1002/cb.1483

Cited by 21 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…Studies conducted in Italy and the United States similarly showed that individuals who entered a boutique wearing gym clothes rather than appropriate attire or who attended a black tie event wearing a red tie were ascribed higher status (Bellezza, Gino, & Keinan, 2014). Moreover, research in marketing and psychology showed that norm violators whose behavior benefited others were more likely to be given a leadership role (Popa, Phillips, & Robertson, 2014; Van Kleef, Homan, Finkenauer, Blaker, & Heerdink, 2012).…”

Section: Reactions To Norm Violationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cultural Collectivism and Tightness Moderate Responses to Norm Violators: Effects on Power Perception, Moral Emotions, and Leader Support

Stamkou

Kleef

Homan

et al. 2018

Pers Soc Psychol Bull

103

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Responses to norm violators are poorly understood. On one hand, norm violators are perceived as powerful, which may help them to get ahead. On the other hand, norm violators evoke moral outrage, which may frustrate their upward social mobility. We addressed this paradox by considering the role of culture. Collectivistic cultures value group harmony and tight cultures value social order. We therefore hypothesized that collectivism and tightness moderate reactions to norm violators. We presented 2,369 participants in 19 countries with a norm violation or a norm adherence scenario. In individualistic cultures, norm violators were considered more powerful than norm abiders and evoked less moral outrage, whereas in collectivistic cultures, norm violators were considered less powerful and evoked more moral outrage. Moreover, respondents in tighter cultures expressed a stronger preference for norm followers as leaders. Cultural values thus influence responses to norm violators, which may have downstream consequences for violators’ hierarchical positions.

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Section: Reactions To Norm Violationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cultural Collectivism and Tightness Moderate Responses to Norm Violators: Effects on Power Perception, Moral Emotions, and Leader Support

Stamkou

Kleef

Homan

et al. 2018

Pers Soc Psychol Bull

103

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“…In addition to inspiring perceptions of power, norm violations may fuel power affordance, the process of advancing another person's position in the hierarchy by granting them power. Indeed, recent studies have shown that norm violators get afforded more power as long as the norm violation benefits observers (Popa, Phillips, & Robertson, 2014;van Kleef, Homan, Finkenauer, Blaker, & Heerdink, 2012). For instance, a confederate who stole coffee from the experimenter's desk was afforded more power than a confederate who took coffee upon invitation, but only when he also offered coffee to the participant (van Kleef et al, 2012).…”

Section: Social Norms and Reactions To Norm Violationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How norm violations shape social hierarchies: Those who stand on top block norm violators from rising up

Stamkou

Kleef

Homan

et al. 2016

Group Processes & Intergroup Relations

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Norm violations engender both negative reactions and perceptions of power from observers. We addressed this paradox by examining whether observers’ tendency to grant power to norm followers versus norm violators is moderated by the observer’s position in the hierarchy. Because norm violations threaten the status quo, we hypothesized that individuals higher in a hierarchy (high verticality) would be less likely to grant power to norm violators compared to individuals lower in the hierarchy (low verticality). In 14 studies ( Ntotal = 1,704), we measured participants’ trait verticality (sense of power, socioeconomic status, testosterone) and manipulated state verticality (power position, status, dominance). A meta-analysis revealed that higher ranked participants granted less power to norm violators than lower ranked individuals, presumably because the former support social stratification. Interestingly, these effects occurred for trait but not state verticality. Overall, negative reactions to deviants may be driven by hierarchy-maintenance motives by those in privileged positions.

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“…Indeed, empirical studies have shown that individuals who violated prevailing norms were considered more powerful than individuals who complied with the norms (Stamkou, Van Kleef, Homan, & Galinsky, 2016;Van Kleef, Homan, Finkenauer, Gündemir, & Stamkou, 2011). Moreover, norm violators whose behavior benefited others were more likely to be given a leadership role (Popa, Phillips, & Robertson, 2014;Van Kleef, Homan, Finkenauer, Blaker, & Heerdink, 2012). Other studies showed that individuals who entered a boutique wearing gym clothes rather than appropriate attire or who attended a black tie event wearing a red tie were ascribed higher status because they were considered autonomous (Bellezza, Gino, & Keinan, 2014).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The art of influence: When and why deviant artists gain impact.

Stamkou¹,

Kleef²,

Homan³

2018

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

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Some artists rise to fame, while others sink into oblivion. What determines whether artists make an impact? Considering deviance in its sociohistorical context, we propose that artists whose work deviates from their own previous style (intrapersonal deviance) and other artists' styles (interpersonal deviance) gain greater impact than nondeviant artists, as long as deviance is directed toward a progressive style. A preliminary study showed that in western cultures nonrealistic styles are considered more progressive than realistic styles (Study 1). Five more studies provide evidence for the effects of the two types of artistic deviance on several aspects of impact (i.e., perceived influence of the artist, valuation of the artwork, and visual attention to the artwork). First, individuals considered artists who deviated from their previous style more impactful than artists who consistently followed a single style (Study 2), effects that were stronger when artists transitioned from a retrogressive style to a progressive one (Study 3). Second, artists who deviated from their contemporaries' style were considered more impactful than artists who followed the predominant style, effects that were stronger when artists strayed from a predominant retrogressive style by using progressive means of expression (Studies 4 and 5). When the historical context prevented observers from inferring the progressiveness of the deviant artists' expressive means, artistic deviance enhanced perceived impact regardless of the means by which the artists deviated (Study 6). Supporting our theoretical model, the effects of intrapersonal and interpersonal deviance on impact were mediated by perceived will-power (Studies 3, 5, and 6). (PsycINFO Database Record

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Positive outcomes of social norm transgressions

Cited by 21 publications

References 75 publications

Cultural Collectivism and Tightness Moderate Responses to Norm Violators: Effects on Power Perception, Moral Emotions, and Leader Support

Cultural Collectivism and Tightness Moderate Responses to Norm Violators: Effects on Power Perception, Moral Emotions, and Leader Support

How norm violations shape social hierarchies: Those who stand on top block norm violators from rising up

The art of influence: When and why deviant artists gain impact.

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