Positive traits versus previous trauma: racially different correlates with PTSD symptoms among hurricane katrina‐rita volunteers

Ai, Amy L.; Plummer, Carol A.; Kanno, Hanae; Heo, Grace; Appel, Hoa B.; Simon, Cassandra E.; Spigner, Clarence

doi:10.1002/jcop.20442

Cited by 33 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…The pattern suggests that alumni of foster care may be at even higher risk of certain mental health problems when they have fewer resources and supports to address various societal stressors after emancipation (Jackson, Beadnell, & Pecora, 2013;Pecora et al, 2003Pecora et al, , 2005. Their unresolved problems can surface when they encounter new crises, a pattern some term ''secondary traumatization'' (Ai, Plummer et al, 2011). Future research should assess the mental health effects of developmental influences, repeat assessments, and myriad risk and protective factors, including participation in evidence-based treatments, in foster care and alumni populations (Glisson & Green, 2011;Landsverk et al, 2006;Stahmer et al, 2005).…”

Section: Complications Linking Childhood Trauma To Psychiatric Conseqmentioning

confidence: 98%

Reshaping Child Welfare’s Response to Trauma

Foster

Pecora

et al. 2013

Research on Social Work Practice

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Growing evidence has linked early trauma with severe psychiatric consequences. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a potentially debilitating mental health condition found among some youth in foster care and foster care alumni. However, the current child welfare practice response has not met the demands in both assessment and intervention. This critical review aims to use the evidence to reshape the child welfare response to trauma in children and adolescents. We begin with research on the psychiatric consequences of child maltreatment and issues related to diagnostic assessment for PTSD. Next, we compare major foster care/alumni studies showing considerably higher rates of PTSD among young foster care recipients and alumni than among nationally comparable groups. To inform practice on childhood trauma, we then summarize current evidence-based interventions showing effectiveness with PTSD. Finally, we address new dimensions, such as gene-environment research, posttraumatic growth, and implications for reshaping child welfare practice and foster care.

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Section: Complications Linking Childhood Trauma To Psychiatric Conseqmentioning

confidence: 98%

Reshaping Child Welfare’s Response to Trauma

Foster

Pecora

et al. 2013

Research on Social Work Practice

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“…Previous work with the present sample also shows cultural differences between people who identify as black or white in terms of attributions of inadequate responses to H‐KR, controlling for disaster factors and strength of faith (Ai, Plummer, Hoe et al ). Also, symptoms of posttraumatic stress in white respondents were affected by previous trauma, whereas the same symptoms in black respondents were more linked with current stressors and hopelessness (Ai, Plummer, Kanno et al ). Although black respondents reported higher levels of faith strengths, this culturally relevant factor had no direct effect on either outcome.…”

Section: Spiritual Support Leading To Resilience With a Religious Romentioning

confidence: 99%

Character Strengths and Deep Connections Following Hurricanes Katrina and Rita: Spiritual and Secular Pathways to Resistance Among Volunteers

Richardson

Plummer

et al. 2013

Scientific Study of Religion

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This study investigated a conceptual model with two pathways, altruism and perceived spiritual support, leading to resilience among student volunteers following Hurricanes Katrina and Rita (H‐KR). Both strengths share the sense of deep connections. Parallel pathways with the two major constructs were estimated using structural equation modeling, adjusting for demographics and peritraumatic emotional reactions. The two indicators may have served as a protective mechanism for all volunteers despite differing racial/cultural backgrounds. The potential protection of these strength factors was mediated through optimism and hope. Resilience among minority volunteers was associated more with faith‐related strengths, as indicated in the relevant pathway that also contributed to their altruistic actions. The resilience of white volunteers, however, was directly associated with altruism, a strength that does depend heavily on religious beliefs. Further, the modification index suggested a direct path from race to depression.

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“… 43 - 45 , 55 Studies, however, have seldom examined the racial differences for exposure to trauma and stressors, and the protective factors for disaster volunteers, particularly college students. 1 , 6 This study analyzed predictors for depression in a sample of African American and Non-Hispanic White American college volunteers immediately following H-KR. In contrast to previous studies documenting the higher prevalence rates of major depressive disorders in Non-Hispanic White Americans, 56 , 57 our results illustrate the opposite.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, we are interested in the racial differences given that African Americans and Non-Hispanic White Americans may hold different opinions about the unprecedented traumatic impact of H-KR. 6 Below, we provide an overview of the existing research on H-KR, trauma as predictors of depression, and the literature on racial differences for depression. Next, we outline the documented studies on protective factors including faith and positive mindedness, followed by our study findings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Post disaster resilience

Nicdao

Noël

et al. 2013

Disaster Health

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The present analyses examined the differential risks of and protective factors against depressive symptoms of African American and Non-Hispanic White American student volunteers, respectively after Hurricanes Katrina and Rita (H-KR). A total sample of 554 student volunteers were recruited from mental health professional programs at five universities located in the Deep South, namely areas severely impacted by H-KR during fall semester 2005. The response rate was 91% (n = 505). African American respondents (n = 299) and Non-Hispanic White Americans (n = 206) completed the survey questionnaires. Respondents retrospectively provided information on peritraumatic emotional reactions and previous trauma that were recalled by H-KR and H-KR stressors. African American respondents reported higher levels of depressive symptoms (65.2%) than their Non-Hispanic White counterparts (34.8%). Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that disaster related stressors affected African Americans (p < 0.001), but not Non-Hispanic Whites. However, African Americans who experienced peritraumatic positive emotions had lower depression levels. Lower rates of recollection of prior traumas during H-KR were reported by African American respondents, whereas previous trauma recollections predicted symptoms among Non-Hispanic White Americans (p < 0.05). Exhibiting more optimism had lower depression levels among Non-Hispanic White Americans. Peritraumatic negative emotion was the only shared risk for depressive symptoms of both groups. Findings underscore racially different levels of depressive symptoms that may contribute to varying degrees of resilience among student volunteers. Future research and practice may address these racial differences by understanding the risk factors for depressive symptoms to develop appropriate interventions for racial groups, and cultivating the protective factors that contribute to resilience from traumatic experiences.

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Positive traits versus previous trauma: racially different correlates with PTSD symptoms among hurricane katrina‐rita volunteers

Cited by 33 publications

References 58 publications

Reshaping Child Welfare’s Response to Trauma

Reshaping Child Welfare’s Response to Trauma

Character Strengths and Deep Connections Following Hurricanes Katrina and Rita: Spiritual and Secular Pathways to Resistance Among Volunteers

Post disaster resilience

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