Positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the assessment of axillary lymph node metastases in early breast cancer: systematic review and economic evaluation

Abstract

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Breast cancer metastasis and the lymphatic system

“…PET combined with CT allows for precise anatomical localization of abnormalities (61). However, PET combined with MRI, while associated with fewer adverse events, led to a lower sensitivity and specificity than SNB (62). Furthermore, the clinical significance of these modalities is yet to be established.…”

Functionalized nanomaterials: their use as contrast agents in bioimaging: mono- and multimodal approaches

“…SPIO contrast agents have been essentially used clinically for diagnosis of liver diseases, [83] whereas USPIO probes are generally used for lymph-node imaging, angiography, and bloodpool imaging [84][85][86][87][88][89]. Besides their clinical use, MRI contrast agents based on iron oxide nanoparticles are actually developed for studying biological processes: Significant contributions in this research area have illustrated the potential use of these particles for molecular and cellular imaging applications [78,80,82,[90][91][92][93][94].…”

Diagnostic Effectiveness of USPIO versus Gadolinium Based MRI for Axillary Metastasis in Breast Cancer: A Meta-analysis

“…Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is one of representative imaging modalities for assessment of metastasis in cancer patients (8). It is a non-ionizing imaging technique which generate the images by using hydrogen nuclei reaction within the body in the magnetic field (8).…”

“…It is a non-ionizing imaging technique which generate the images by using hydrogen nuclei reaction within the body in the magnetic field (8). MRI is also effective in the identification of the axillary lesions, and able to give additional information by using intravascular contrast media such as gadolinium (Gd) chelate (8).…”