Possibilities for using mine waters in the context of the construction of heat energy clusters in Poland

Abstract

Background: Non-renewable energy continues to remain the main link in energy production in Poland. At the end of 2016, fossil fuels (hard coal and lignite) accounted for around 82% of gross domestic energy production. Reducing the share of fossil fuels in renewable energy sources in the overall energy mix is a long-term process. An example of solutions for the use of renewable energy sources as one of the key elements of sustainable development, ensuring rational, economical, ecological and social effects is the application of heat from mine waters for the production of thermal energy. The work estimates the current national energy balance in the country and describes the role of fossil fuels in the context of the issue of low emissions. Political transformation and accession to the European Union (EU) have contributed to greater care for natural environment. Poland, while being obliged to comply with the European guidelines, monitors the state of atmospheric air pollution and takes measures to improve its condition. Research issues presented in the article are addressed in the socio-environmental context. Methods: The method of reviewing scientific articles on the subject was used in the course of research task implementation (leading to the creation of a sustainable energy node or the idea of use of mine water). In addition, an analysis was carried out of the existing energy clusters in order to catch up with the standards of the European Union. Results: The analysis of world and national literature shows potential of using energy from the mining waters of active and closed mining plants. The authors propose the introduction of a precise term regarding mining potential as a thermal energy cluster. The opportunity to change the image of mines as polluters consists in using their potential beyond their main activity profile. Furthermore, the use of the hidden potential of mines signifies prolonging the life of an enterprise and thus, as its consequence, sustaining jobs and developing the region. Conclusions: The analyses presented in the article indicate the possibility of thermal energy production from mine waters not as an alternative but as an addition to the existing solutions, especially for the local needs.

Development of Renewable Energy Sources in the Context of Threats Resulting from Low-Altitude Emissions in Rural Areas in Poland: A Review

“…Sales of heat in 2017 by geothermal heating plants in Poland reached the level of approximately 868 TJ/year. In 2018 the installed geothermal capacity of six geoDHs was 74.6 MW and geothermal heat production was 250.4 GWh, while total production amounted to 289.5 GWh [60,61]. Further development in this area, i.e., an increase in the level of use of geothermal resources, may contribute to the development of a low-emission heating sector in Poland.…”

Sustainable Social and Environmental Evaluation of Post-Industrial Facilities in a Closed Loop Perspective in Coal-Mining Areas in Poland

“…Importantly, a classification performed on the basis of some defined factors should allow for the intended final function of the post-industrial facilities. In particular, the functions of post-mining facilities should not only be restricted to those related to the geographic and tourist contexts, but should also be viewed more widely, e.g., in the context of thermal energy generation [38] and its underground storage [39], as well as pumpedstorage power stations using empty post-mining underground spaces [40]. The concept of "green infrastructure" can contribute to the sustainable development of post-mining areas [41].…”

Mine Water as Geothermal Resource in Nowa Ruda Region (SW Poland)

“…They represent a potential that can be used to produce green energy using low-temperature geothermal energy. The potential of such sites is widely described in the literature [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. There is significant interest in this topic in the UK, where a number of studies have been carried out on the geothermal potential of mining waters [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19].…”