Possibilities in Recycling Magnetic Materials in Applications of Polymer-Bonded Magnets

Rösel, Uta; Drummer, Dietmar

doi:10.3390/magnetism2030019

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(16 reference statements)

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“…Currently, polymer-bonded magnets [68][69][70] are gaining attention in industries due to their comparable magnetic properties (in contrast to traditional pressing and injection molding methods), mold flexibility, low cost, and acceptable mechanical properties [71; 72].…”

Section: Hard Magnetic Materials Hard Magnetic Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring 3D printing with magnetic materials: Types, applications, progress, and challenges

Konov,

Mazeeva,

Masaylo

et al. 2024

Izv. VUZ. Poroshk. Met.

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3D printing, also known as additive manufacturing (AM), represents a rapidly evolving technological field capable of creating distinctive products with nearly any irregular shape, often unattainable using traditional techniques. Currently, the focus in 3D printing extends beyond polymer and metal structural materials, garnering increased attention towards functional materials. This review conducts an analysis of published data concerning the 3D printing of magnetic materials. The paper provides a concise overview of key AM technologies, encompassing vat photopolymerization, selective laser sintering, binder jetting, fused deposition modeling, direct ink writing, electron beam melting, directed energy deposition and laser powder bed fusion. Additionally, it covers magnetic materials currently utilized in AM, including hard magnetic Nd–Fe–B and Sm–Co alloys, hard and soft magnetic ferrites, and soft magnetic alloys such as permalloys and electrical steels. Presently, materials produced through 3D printing exhibit properties that often fall short compared to their counterparts fabricated using conventional methods. However, the distinct advantages of 3D printing, such as the fabrication of intricately shaped individual parts and reduced material wastage, are noteworthy. Efforts are underway to enhance the material properties. In specific instances, such as the application of metal-polymer composites, the magnetic properties of 3D-printed products generally align with those of traditional analogs. The review further delves into the primary fields where 3D printing of magnetic products finds application. Notably, it highlights promising areas, including the production of responsive soft robots with increased freedom of movement and magnets featuring optimized topology for generating highly homogeneous magnetic fields. Furthermore, the paper addresses the key challenges associated with 3D printing of magnetic products, offering potential approaches to mitigate them.

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Section: Hard Magnetic Materials Hard Magnetic Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring 3D printing with magnetic materials: Types, applications, progress, and challenges

Konov,

Mazeeva,

Masaylo

et al. 2024

Izv. VUZ. Poroshk. Met.

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show abstract

“…However, this method has not been adopted for several different applications. The authors of [23] show a possible route of recycling polymer-bonded magnets based on thermoplastics by reusing shreds. Here, 100% recycled material was used, which led to a reduction in the magnetic properties by 20%.…”

Section: Recycling Possibilities Of Polymer-bonded Magnetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Material Behavior according to the Amount of Recycled Magnetic Materials in Polymer-Bonded Magnets Based on Thermoplastics

Rösel,

Drummer

2024

Magnetism

Self Cite

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The applications of polymer-bonded magnets are increasing within drive technology mostly because of new concepts concerning the magnetic excitation of direct current (DC) or synchronous machines. To satisfy this rising demand for hard magnetic filler particles—mainly rare earth materials—in polymer-bonded magnets, a recycling strategy for thermoplastic-based bonded magnets has to be found that can be applied to polymer-bonded magnets. The most important factor for the recycling strategy is the filler material, especially when using rare earth materials, as those particles are associated with limited resources and high costs. However, thermoplastic-based bonded magnets reveal the opportunity to reuse the compound material system without separation of the filler from the matrix. Most known recycling strategies focus on sintered magnets, which leads to highly limited knowledge in terms of strategies for recycling bonded magnets. This paper illustrates the impact of different amounts of recycling material within the material system on material behavior and magnetic properties that can be achieved by taking different flow conditions and varying gating systems into account. The recycled material is generated by the mechanical reuse of shreds. We found that a supporting effect can be achieved with up to 50% recycled material in the material system, which leads to only minimal changes in the material’s behavior. Furthermore, changes in magnetic properties in terms of recycled material are affected by the gating system. To reduce the reduction in magnetic properties, the number of pin points should be as low as possible, and they should located in the middle. The filler orientation of the recycled material is minimally influenced by the outer magnetic field and, therefore, mainly follows the flow conditions. These flow conditions are likely to be affected by elastic flow proportions with increasing amounts of recycled material.

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Facile and fast synthesis of highly ordered L10-FeNi nanoparticles

Varvaro,

Imperatori,

Laureti

et al. 2024

Scripta Materialia

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Possibilities in Recycling Magnetic Materials in Applications of Polymer-Bonded Magnets

Cited by 5 publications

References 20 publications

Exploring 3D printing with magnetic materials: Types, applications, progress, and challenges

Exploring 3D printing with magnetic materials: Types, applications, progress, and challenges

Changes in Material Behavior according to the Amount of Recycled Magnetic Materials in Polymer-Bonded Magnets Based on Thermoplastics

Facile and fast synthesis of highly ordered L10-FeNi nanoparticles

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