Possibilities of Checking Water Content in Porous Geopolymer Materials Using Impedance Spectroscopy Methods

Mierzwiński, Dariusz; Walter, Janusz; Wanat, Dominika

doi:10.3390/ma16145190

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Gelation and vitrification, two macroscopic phenomena encountered during this process, strongly alter the viscoelastic behaviour of the material in these early phases of the geopolymerization stages. For long-term property changes, other methods such as variable frequency conductivity, XRD qualitative and quantitative analysis, porosity measurements, and sorption analysis were applied to characterise the process of solidification of geopolymers based on fly ash with sand additives [31,[47][48][49][50][51][52].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemorheology of a Si/Al > 3 Alkali Activated Metakaolin Paste through Parallel Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA)

Aversa,

Ricciotti,

Perrotta

et al. 2023

Polymers

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Although geopolymers, as structural materials, should have superior engineering properties than traditional cementitious materials, they often need to improve their final characteristics’ reproducibility due to the need for more control of the complex silico-aluminate decomposition and polymerisation stages. Thermosetting of a reactive geopolymeric paste involves tetrahedral Silicate and Aluminate precursor condensation into polyfunctional oligomers of progressively higher molecular weight, transforming the initial liquid into a gel and a structural solid. Viscosity and gelation control become particularly critical when the geopolymer is processed with 3D printing additive technology. Its physical state modification kinetics should match the flow and setting characteristics required by the deposition process. The reaction kinetics and the elastic and viscous characteristics preceding gelation and hardening have been investigated for an alkali-activated Metakaolin/Sodium Silicate-Sodium Hydroxide paste with a Si/Al ratio > 3. A chemoreological approach has been extended to these inorganic polymerisable systems, as already utilised for organic thermosetting polymers. Differential scanning calorimetry and Oscillatory DMA were carried out to monitor the advancement of the polymerisation reaction and the associated variations of the rheological viscoelastic properties. Dynamic thermal scans were run at 1 °C/min and a frequency of 10 Hz for the dynamic mechanical tests. The observed kinetics of polymerisation and variations of the elastic and viscous components of the complex viscosities and shear moduli are described in terms of polycondensation of linear and branched chains of oligomeric macromolecules of increasing complexity and molecular weight up to gelation (Gel1) and cross-linking of the gelled macrostructure (Gel2) and final glassy state. Geopolymerization can be allocated into two main behavioural zones: a viscoelastic liquid paste below 32.5% of reaction advancement and a viscoelastic solid above. Initial complex viscosities range from 2.3 ± 0.9 × 10−5 MPa*s to 6.8 ± 0.9 × 10−2 in the liquid-like state and from 1.9 ± 0.1 MPa to 9.6 ± 2.1 × 102 MPa in the solid-like state.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemorheology of a Si/Al > 3 Alkali Activated Metakaolin Paste through Parallel Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA)

Aversa,

Ricciotti,

Perrotta

et al. 2023

Polymers

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“…Geopolymers are modern, environmentally friendly, and inorganic aluminosilicate materials that are considered an alternative to Portland cement [1,2]. Because of their high mechanical properties, the main area of potential application is civil engineering, especially the most demanding applications in construction industries [1,3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Diatomite Addition on the Properties of Geopolymers Based on Fly Ash and Metakaolin

Nykiel,

Korniejenko,

Setlak

et al. 2024

Materials

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Geopolymer materials, considered to be an alternative to Portland cement-based concretes, can be produced from various types of waste aluminosilicate raw materials. This article presents the results of research related to the use of diatomite as an additive in geopolymers. The results of testing geopolymer composites with 1%, 3%, and 5% additions of diatomite with a grain size of 0–0.063 mm after and without thermal treatment were presented. This article presents the physical properties of the diatomite additive, the morphology of diatomite particles SEMs, thermal analysis, and compressive strength test results. In this research, diatomite was treated as a substitute for both fly ash and metakaolin (replaced in amounts of 1 and 3%) and as a substitute for sand introduced as a filler (in this case, 5% of diatomite was added). As a result of this research, it was found that the addition of diatomite instead of the main geopolymerization precursors in amounts of 1 and 3% had a negative impact on the strength properties of geopolymers, as the compressive strength was reduced by up to 28%. The introduction of crushed diatomite instead of sand in an amount of 5% contributed to an increase in strength of up to 24%.

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Performance and heavy metal leaching of porous geopolymer based on solid wastes

Xu,

Lu,

Meng

et al. 2024

Construction and Building Materials

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Possibilities of Checking Water Content in Porous Geopolymer Materials Using Impedance Spectroscopy Methods

Cited by 4 publications

References 42 publications

Chemorheology of a Si/Al > 3 Alkali Activated Metakaolin Paste through Parallel Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA)

Chemorheology of a Si/Al > 3 Alkali Activated Metakaolin Paste through Parallel Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA)

The Influence of Diatomite Addition on the Properties of Geopolymers Based on Fly Ash and Metakaolin

Performance and heavy metal leaching of porous geopolymer based on solid wastes

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