Possibilities of establishing a smallholder pig identification and traceability system in Kenya

Mutua, Florence; Lindahl, Johanna F.; Randolph, Delia Grace

doi:10.1007/s11250-019-02077-9

Cited by 7 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…In Europe, the main preventive measures are the use of animal identification and tracing systems, the enforcement of swill feeding bans, and containment of pigs to ensure they do not come into contact with pigs from other farms, feral pigs, wild boar, or their products ( 46 ). Livestock identification and traceability systems are virtually non-existent in many smallholder pig systems in Africa ( 47 ) and cannot be relied upon to reduce disease spread. Swill feeding can introduce disease in healthy populations ( 48 ).…”

Section: Description Of Review Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Context of Application of Biosecurity for Control of African Swine Fever in Smallholder Pig Systems: Current Gaps and Recommendations

Mutua

Dione²

2021

Front. Vet. Sci.

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African swine fever (ASF) is a highly fatal disease of pigs. It is a threat to the pig industry as it lowers production and significantly impacts on livelihoods. ASF has no cure and a vaccine against it is yet to be developed. Outbreaks continue to be reported in Africa and Asia, where the setting of the pig value chain (farm, market, and slaughter practices) coupled with the risky behaviors of actors, contribute to persistence of the virus in pig populations. The role of these factors in the epidemiology of the disease is reviewed with a focus on smallholder pig systems in Africa. Biosecurity at the farm level is particularly emphasized, and factors influencing its adoption highlighted. Socio-cultural factors and weaknesses at the disease control policy level are critical and should not be ignored. Gender and equity are important aspects and ought to be considered in discussions to improve the sector. The findings are expected to define priorities for interventions to improve pig productivity (as these regions wait for the vaccine to be developed).

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Section: Description Of Review Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Context of Application of Biosecurity for Control of African Swine Fever in Smallholder Pig Systems: Current Gaps and Recommendations

Mutua

Dione²

2021

Front. Vet. Sci.

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“…In particular, the lack of quarantine for new pigs and the lack of disinfection for visitors is a concern in farms of all sizes. This low level of biosecurity and lack of veterinary services is typical for the region (31,(40)(41)(42). Medium and largescale pig farmers largely confined pigs in pens, but still had few or no biosecurity measures, which is a known risk factor for the occurrence of African swine fever (43).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using a Value Chain Approach to Map the Pig Production System in Rwanda, Its Governance, and Sanitary Risks

et al. 2022

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Rwanda has a fast growing pig production sector projected to continue expansion, due to rising local and regional demand. We undertook a value chain analysis to establish the flows of pigs and pork in Rwanda and the roles of various actors involved, and to understand governance and sanitary risks in the value chain. Cross-sectional qualitative data were collected through focus group discussions and key informant interviews with farmers, brokers, butchers, abattoir managers, and veterinarians. Data were collected on pig production methods and inputs, the source and destination of live and slaughtered pigs, value-adding infrastructures (abattoirs and processing factories), the people involved and interactions between them, governance, and challenges. Pig production in Rwanda is dominated by smallholders, mainly as a source of supplementary income and secondarily for manure. Emerging medium-sized and large pig farms were also identified, located mainly around urban areas. Live pig markets are the main mechanism allowing various actors to buy/sell pigs. Brokers have an important role in pig transactions: they are key in setting prices at markets, examining pigs for disease, organising the supply of pigs for abattoirs and for export. Only a few formal pig abattoirs were identified, which mainly supply to pork processing factories based in Kigali and/or export to customers. Local consumers rely on informal slaughtering at farm or bar/restaurant backyards, with irregular veterinary inspection. Formal abattoirs were attended by a veterinary inspector, however a lack of record keeping was noted. Sanitary risks identified were a lack of biosecurity throughout the chain and poor hygiene at slaughter places. Lingual palpation was practised in pig markets to identify cysticercosis infection, however cyst-positive pigs were not destroyed, but were sold for reduced prices in the same market or later informally sold by the owner. There are few veterinarians attending farms, with most services provided by less qualified technicians or self-treatment of pigs by farmers. Overall, this production system is characterised by a high degree of informality at all nodes, combined with the rapid growth trajectory in the sector. These findings provide a basis to plan interventions tailored to vulnerabilities identified in the Rwanda pig value chain.

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“…When the balance of burden shifts so that microbial hazards such as Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp. and Yersinia entrocolitica become dominant, a risk-based approach with reduced incisions and opportunities for cross-contamination, may become most appropriate, requiring the presence of robust traceability systems ( 106 ).…”

Section: A One Health Framework To Identify Monitor and Quantify The ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Maximising Societal Benefit From the Control of Neglected Zoonoses: Identifying Synergies and Trade-Offs in the Control of Taenia solium

et al. 2022

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Interventions to control or eradicate neglected zoonoses are generally paid for through the public purse and when these interventions focus on the animal hosts, they are often expected to be performed and financed through the state veterinary service. The benefits of control, however, accrue across the human, animal, and environmental spaces and enhance both public and private interests. Additionally, disease control interventions do not take place in a vacuum and the indirect impacts of our actions should also be considered if the societal benefit of interventions is to be maximised. With the caveat that unintended consequences can and will occur, pre-identifying potential synergies and trade-offs in our disease control initiatives allows for them to be considered in intervention design and monitored during programme roll-out. In this paper, using a One Health approach with the example of Taenia solium control, we identify potential indirect impacts which may arise and how these may influence both our choice of intervention and opportunities to optimise the animal, environmental, and societal benefits of control through maximising synergies and minimising trade-offs.

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Possibilities of establishing a smallholder pig identification and traceability system in Kenya

Cited by 7 publications

References 48 publications

The Context of Application of Biosecurity for Control of African Swine Fever in Smallholder Pig Systems: Current Gaps and Recommendations

The Context of Application of Biosecurity for Control of African Swine Fever in Smallholder Pig Systems: Current Gaps and Recommendations

Using a Value Chain Approach to Map the Pig Production System in Rwanda, Its Governance, and Sanitary Risks

Maximising Societal Benefit From the Control of Neglected Zoonoses: Identifying Synergies and Trade-Offs in the Control of Taenia solium

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