Possibilities of Exploitation of Bauxite Residue from Alumina Production

Schwarz, Marián; Lalík, Vladimír

doi:10.5772/37644

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 64 publications

(72 reference statements)

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“…Besides this, they also contain Mg (25-50%), Fe (5%), Ca (2%), SiO 2 (0.5%), Mn (0.3%) and traces of some other elements [23]. The chemical composition of the red mud is as follows: Fe2O3 (45%), Al 2 O 3 (15%), SiO 2 (13%), Na 2 O (7.5%), TiO 2 (6%), CaO (2%) [24].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chlorophyll Fluorescence as a Criterion for the Diagnosis of Abiotic Environmental Stress of <i>Miscanthus x Giganteus</i> Hybrid

Tomaškin¹,

Tomaškinová²,

Theuma³

2021

Pol. J. Environ. Stud.

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This study aimed to assess the impact of abiotic chemical stresses in the soil environment (salinization, acidification, inorganic risk elements from the industry) on the chlorophyll content and parameters of chlorophyll fluorescence -effective and maximum quantum yield PSII (yield Y(II) or Fv/Fm test) of Miscanthus x giganteus hybrid. For this objective, graduated doses of stresses, as mentioned above, were applied to a pot experiment's controlled conditions during the growing season 2018. The chlorophyll content of 19.267 CCI units was recorded with the control treatment. However, a significantly higher content of chlorophyll was observed with the examined stressors, especially salinity (25.433 CCI) and acidity (26.500 CCI). Y (II) value ranged from 0.561 to 0.693 and Fv/Fm from 0.689 to 0.775 respectively. There were no significant differences between assessed stressors and control. Miscanthus x giganteus had good resistance to the impact of assessed chemical stresses; damage to the assimilation apparatus of the plants did not occur. The species has the potential and can create the preconditions for cultivation even in a mildly contaminated soil environment, e.g., for reclamation of degraded soils or energy use.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chlorophyll Fluorescence as a Criterion for the Diagnosis of Abiotic Environmental Stress of <i>Miscanthus x Giganteus</i> Hybrid

Tomaškin¹,

Tomaškinová²,

Theuma³

2021

Pol. J. Environ. Stud.

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“…The volume of red mud generated in the alumina processing plant depends on the quality or grade of crude bauxite. One ton of produced aluminium generates 2 tons of waste and nowadays, it is estimated that during bauxite processing, 120 million tons of red mud is produced worldwide (Schwarz and Lalk, 2012). The bauxite waste slurry from the processing of bauxite through a Bayer process contains about 15 -40 % solids and retains high alkaline performed by pH of 12.5 (Li, 1998;Ranveer, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Composition and characteristics of red mud: A case study on Tayan bauxite residue from alumina processing plant at West Kalimantan

Damayanti¹,

Khareunissa²

2017

IMJ

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Bauxite residue emerges as the major waste material during production of alumina from bauxite by the Bayer's process. An alumina refinery built in Tayan, West Kalimantan has a production capacity of 300 thousand tons per year. It means that it will produce red mud or bauxite residue approximately 300 -350 thousand tons per year and washing residue around 200 thousand tons per year. Right now, it is stored in a nearby disposal area. This paper focuses on the characteristic study of the bauxite residue to evaluate the potential pollution risk to the surrounding environment. This experimental-based study is conducted to get appraisal and description of the residue regarding its utilization. Some characterization tests were conducted in the laboratory to find the properties of bauxite residue coupled with the previous study. It is found from the study that bauxite residue shows radioactivity elements. It comprises of oxides of iron, titanium, aluminum and silica along with some other minor constituents in the form of heavy metals and rare earth elements. Hazardous elements such as As, Pb, Cr and Hg were found in bauxite residue samples. But, the toxicity test showed that bauxite residue samples were not classified as hazardous material. Some rare earth elements such as Ga, Ce, Sc, Pr, Gd, Tb etc., were also detected in the samples.Keywords: bauxite residue, red mud, Bayer process, alumina, heavy metals Ga, Ce, Sc, Pr, Gd, Tb dll, juga terdeteksi ada dalam percontoh. Kata Kunci: residu bauksit, lumpur merah, proses Bayer, alumina, logam berat ABSTRAK Residu bauksit terbentuk sebagai limbah utama produksi alumina yang berasal dari bauksit melalui proses Bayer. Pemurnian alumina yang dibangun di Kalimantan Barat memiliki kapasitas produksi 300 ribu ton per tahun. Hal ini berarti akan dihasilkan residu bauksit kurang lebih 300-350 ribu ton per tahun dan residu proses pencucian sekitar 200 ribu ton per tahun. Pada saat ini, residu tersebut disimpan di daerah pembuangan terdekat. Makalah ini difokuskan pada komposisi dan karakteristik

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“…1,13 Consequently, several techniques are used to produce the modified bauxite refinery residue (MBRR), but each treatment produces a slightly different mineralogy and soluble alkalinity (Table 2), which in turn affects the potential reuse. 1,5,6,14 ANC of MBRR is typically ∼3−10 mol kg −1 , providing the possibility of treating acidic soils and waters if soluble alkalinity is converted to solid alkalinity. 5,15 Moreover, this ANC is coupled with a high metal and phosphate binding capacity, 16−18 which appears to come from the additional complexity in mineralogy and makes some MBRR particularly useful in environmental remediation.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most BRR is stored indefinitely in impoundments, but the environmental risks and liabilities, including trace-metal and caustic liquor release, fugitive dust, and remediation costs, ,, have provided incentives to find alternative treatments and reuse options. , However, BRR is a listed hazardous waste under the Basel Convention, and substantial restrictions on transport and reuse remain, unless alkalinity and sodicity are removed. , Consequently, several techniques are used to produce the modified bauxite refinery residue (MBRR), but each treatment produces a slightly different mineralogy and soluble alkalinity (Table ), which in turn affects the potential reuse. ,,, …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electroacoustic Isoelectric Point Determinations of Bauxite Refinery Residues: Different Neutralization Techniques and Minor Mineral Effects

et al. 2012

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Bauxite refinery residue (BRR) is a highly caustic, iron hydroxide-rich byproduct from alumina production. Some chemical treatments of BRR reduce soluble alkalinity and lower residue pH (to values <10) and generate a modified BRR (MBRR). MBRR has excellent acid neutralizing (ANC) and trace-metal adsorption capacities, making it particularly useful in environmental remediation. However, soluble ANC makes standard acid-base isoelectric point (IEP) determination difficult. Consequently, the IEP of a BRR and five MBRR derivatives (sulfuric acid-, carbon dioxide-, seawater-, a hybrid neutralization, i.e, partial CO(2) neutralization followed by seawater, and an activated-seawater-neutralized MBRR) were determined using electroacoustic techniques. Residues showed three significantly different groups of IEPs (p < 0.05) based around the neutralization used. Where the primary mineral assemblage is effectively unchanged, the IEPs were not significantly different from BRR (pH 6.6-6.9). However, neutralizations generating neoformational minerals (alkalinity precipitation) significantly increased the IEP to pH 8.1, whereas activation (a removal of some primary mineralogy) significantly lowered the IEP to pH 6.2. Moreover, surface charging curves show that surfaces remain in the ±30 mV surface charge instability range, which provides an explanation as to why MBRRs remove trace metals and oxyanions over a broad pH range, often simultaneously. Importantly, this work shows that minor mineral components in complex mineral systems may have a disproportionate effect on the observable bulk IEP. Furthermore, this work shows the appropriateness of electroacoustic techniques in investigating samples with significant soluble mineral components (e.g., ANC).

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Possibilities of Exploitation of Bauxite Residue from Alumina Production

Cited by 9 publications

References 64 publications

Chlorophyll Fluorescence as a Criterion for the Diagnosis of Abiotic Environmental Stress of <i>Miscanthus x Giganteus</i> Hybrid

Chlorophyll Fluorescence as a Criterion for the Diagnosis of Abiotic Environmental Stress of <i>Miscanthus x Giganteus</i> Hybrid

Composition and characteristics of red mud: A case study on Tayan bauxite residue from alumina processing plant at West Kalimantan

Electroacoustic Isoelectric Point Determinations of Bauxite Refinery Residues: Different Neutralization Techniques and Minor Mineral Effects

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