100 Pre-Contact human skeletons from six different excavation sites on the Peruvian coast, which showed an excellent state of preservation both on the macro-and the microscopic level, have been investigated for the preservation of three plasma proteins (α 2 -HS-glycoprotein, albumin and α 1 -antitrypsin) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A subsample of 40 skeletons out of this skeletal series had been analysed for the state of preservation of polymorphic plasma proteins by electrophoretic methods (Brandt et al., 2000), revealing extensive alterations of the target proteins by diagenesis. The question remained, therefore, as to the reliability of common immunological tools for the unambiguous detection and quantification of non-collagenous proteins in archaeological bone. In this study, we succeeded in the immunological detection of three target proteins in the skeletal remains. However, a variety of non-specific reactions were also observed with bone extracts from non-human mammals, some collagen types, and also bacterial cells. This wide range of cross-reactions with antigens not normally tested in the course of the production of commercially available antibodies adds a cautionary note to immunological approaches towards the study of ancient proteins.