Possibilities of optimizing fuel consumption in hybrid and electronic airplanes

Abstract

The automotive industry was always characterized by innovation and the use of cutting edge technology. Daily we can see vehicles packed with technological advancements. The main focus of the current technological trend is electric drives. With the rise in popularity of electric cars more types of vehicles are adapting electric drives. In the case of airplanes the standards are higher than in the case of cars so the emphasis of research and innovation is greater. This paper presents a list of the challenges electric aircrafts face and their potential solutions. Currently many of these problems currently only have partial solutions if any. There is also a comparison between the properties of materials used and the expectations for hybrid aircraft. A comprehensive model was created taking into account the criteria set for hybrid and electric aircraft. With the aid of the model the effect of the most important components on efficiency can be assessed.

The Effects of the Degree of Hybridisation on the Design of Hybrid-Electric Aircraft Considering the Balance between Energy Efficiency and Mass Penalty

“…The system mass penalty, M System.penalty , is added by the electric accessory system. The value of the energy mass penalty, M E,penalty , depends on the weighted mean value of hybridised specific energy of the energy storage (σ), which is defined as Equation ( 2), where the specific energy of kerosene (σ f ) is 11.9 kWh/kg [50], and that of the battery (σ B ) is assumed as 1.5 kWh/kg [51].…”

“…Such a hybrid-electric, narrow-body, twin-engine aircraft is designed in this study, targeting an entry into service year of 2050. The applied electrical technological level is predicted and parameterised according to the predictions carried out by Kuhn [59], Gerssen-Gondelach [60], Gogolák [51], and Delhaye [61]. Significantly, relevant technologies are developing fast, such as supercapacitors, superconducting technology, etc.…”

MDAO Method and Optimum Designs of Hybrid-Electric Civil Airliners

“…Parameters in Table 2 define the mission. According to the analysis and prediction of electrical technologies by H. Kuhn, A. Sizmann (Kuhn and Sizmann 2012), Sarah J. Gerssen-Gondelach (Gerssen-Gondelach and Faaij 2012), Reynard (de Vries et al 2019), László Gogolák (Gogolák et al 2019) and JL Delhaye (Delhaye 2015), technological levels of batteries, electric machines and EMs are specified assumed in terms of the timeline from 2020 to 2050 in Table 3.…”

Analysis of the performance of an aircraft powered by hybrid propulsion

“…Lithium-sulfur batteries seem to be the most promising replacement for lithium-ion batteries. It is predicted that by 2030 their specific energy may reach the value of 650 Wh/kg and their service life in the range of 1500-2500 cycles [11].…”