Possibilities of Using Seed Meals in Control of Herbicide-Susceptible and -Resistant Biotypes of Rye Brome (Bromus secalinus L.) in Winter Wheat

Abstract

Rye brome is a rare and nuisance weed in winter wheat canopies. In recent years, farmers have complained about the inadequate chemical control of this species. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of seed meals obtained from allelopathic crops as an environmentally-friendly alternative for the control of herbicide-susceptible (S) and -resistant (R) rye brome biotypes in winter wheat. The pot experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the Swojczyce Research and Training Station in Wrocław (Poland) to determine the impact of seed meals from: Fagopyrum esculentum, Sinapis alba, Phacelia tanacetifolia, Lupinus luteus, Raphanus sativus var. oleiformis and Ornithopus sativus, at 1 and 3% doses. Wheat emergence (>90%) and early growth were not affected by the presence in the soil of seed meals (only at 1% concentration) from P. tanacetifolia and R. sativus. The efficacy of these meals (reduction of aboveground biomass) at rye brome control was the same as the herbicide or higher. Seed meals from P. tanacetifolia reduced the emergence of the S and R biotypes by approximately 70 percentage points (p.p.) and 30 p.p., respectively, and limited the initial growth of both biotypes. Addition to soil meals from F. esculentum and R. sativus generally reduced only initial weed growth.

Technological properties and composition of volatile compounds in winter wheat malts grown with addition of seed meals into soil

“…The experimental factor was the type of seed meal of qualified seeds of selected crops (Fagophyrum esculentum, Sinapis alba, Phacelia tanacetifolia, Lupinus luteus, Raphanus sativus, Ornithopus sativus). The preparation of seed meals and their characterization was described in an article by Pytlarz and Gala-Czekaj 7 . The next day after the sowing wheat the seed meals were sown in the plots (dose 100 g m −2 ) and mixed with a hand rake.…”

“…It is an expected practice in plant cultivation. It includes, among other things, the use of the allelopathic potential of crops in the form of living mulches, catch crops or seed meals, which can reduce weed infestation (including herbicide-resistant biotypes) and improve crop growth 6,7 . The allelochemicals, which can be found in various parts of plants, such as stems, roots, leaves or seeds may have an influence on variety of metabolic processes, such as uptake of ions, respiration, function of enzymes, photosynthesis as well as cell division and differentiation.…”

Herbicide resistance in Bromus spp.: a global review

“…Bromus secalinus invades open waste areas, dry grasslands, limestone glades, grassy meadows, abandoned fields, field margins, roadsides, and railway tracks (Zech-Matterne et al 2021). In croplands, B. secalinus is a common weed in cereal fields, particularly winter wheat and winter rye ( Secale cereale L.) (Koscelny et al 1990; Pytlarz and Gala-Czekaj 2022), and other crops such as alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) (Pike and Stritzke 1984). Bromus secalinus typically grows in more acidic and sandy soils, but it also grows in damp clay soils (Zech-Matterne et al 2021).…”

Sustainable Weed Management

“…Seed meals obtained from allelopathic crops are another allelopathic tool and eco-friendly alternative to synthetic herbicides. Pytlarz and Gala-Czekaj [17] assessed the allelopathic activity of seed meals from Fagopyrum esculentum Moench, Sinapis alba L., Phacelia tanacetifolia Benth., Lupinus luteus L., Raphanus sativus var. oleiformis and Ornithopus sativus Brot., at 1 and 3% doses, on herbicide-susceptible and -resistant (to propoxycarbazone-sodium) rye brome (Bromus secalinus L.) biotypes in winter wheat.…”