Possibility of primordial black holes as the source of gravitational wave events in the advanced LIGO detector

Abstract

The analysis of Gravitational Waves (GW) data from the Advanced LIGO provides the mass of each companion of binary black holes as the source of GWs. The observations reveal that the mass of events corresponding to the binary black holes are much larger than the mass of astrophysical black holes. In this work, we suggest the Primordial Black Holes (PBHs) as the source of LIGO events. Assuming that 100% of the dark matter is made of PBHs, we estimate the rate at which these objects make binaries, merge and produce GWs as a function of redshift. The gravitational lensing of GWs by PBHs can also enhance the amplitude of the strain. We simulate GWs sourced by the binary PBHs, with the detection threshold of S/N > 10 for both Livingston and Handford detectors. For the log-normal mass function of PBHs, we generate the expected distribution of events and compare our results with the observed events and find the best value of the mass function parameters (i.e Mc = 25M and σ = 0.6) in the lognormal mass function. Comparing the expected number of events with the number of observed ones reveals that even assuming all the dark matter is made of PBHs are not enough to produce the observed GW events and the astrophysical blackholes should have the main contribution in the observed GW events.

Search for Sub-Solar Mass Binaries with Einstein Telescope and Cosmic Explorer

“…If PBHs exist, these can naturally account for the dark matter or at least explain a fraction of the dark matter abundance [ 22 , 23 , 24 ]. Various studies using the observations of black hole mergers by LIGO/Virgo data are carried out to constrain the PBHs and their abundance [ 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 ], including proposals on how to distinguish a PBH from an astrophysical one [ 37 , 38 ]. Furthermore, several analyses and theoretical calculations are carried out to investigate PHBs for the prospects of future GWs detectors, such as LISA [ 39 , 40 , 41 ] and Einstein telescope (ET) [ 42 , 43 ].…”

Hamiltonian Formalism for dynamics of particles in MOG

“…Various observations exclude them as the dark matter candidate except for the two narrow windows of lunar mass and tens of solar masses (Carr & Kühnel 2020). On the other hand, the PBHs might be the sources of large mass black holes (m > 50m⊙) where in the gravitational wave events they have been detected by LIGO (Khalouei et al 2021). Also, the lunar mass black holes may collide with the earth, however considering hundred percent of the halo is made of PBHs, their collision rate is one per billion year and has a weak signature on the earth (Rahvar 2021).…”

Search for sub-solar mass binaries with Einstein Telescope and Cosmic Explorer

“…If PHBs exist, these can naturally account for the dark matter or at least explain a fraction of the dark matter abundance [22][23][24]. Various studies using the observations of black hole mergers by LIGO/Virgo data are carried out to constrain the PBHs and their abundance [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35], including proposals on how to distinguish a PBH from an astrophysical one [36,37]. Also, several analyses and theoretical calculations are carried out to investigate PHBs for the prospects of future GWs detectors, such as LISA [38,39] and Einstein telescope (ET) [40,41].…”