Possibility of sewage and combined sewer overflow reuse with biological aerated filters

Kim, S.W.; Park, J.B.; Choi, E.

doi:10.2166/wst.2007.048

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The use of non-conventional water sources is becoming more widespread, particularly in arid regions where high quality waters are scarce (Oron et al 2001;El-Lateef et al 2006;Kim et al 2007;Wei et al 2007). Non-conventional water sources include saline water from deep fossil aquifers or sump water obtained during open-surface irrigation, open areas and urban runoff water, treated municipal and industrial wastewater and desalinated sea water (Choi et al 2004;Jansen et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable domestic effluent reuse via subsurface drip irrigation (SDI): alfalfa as a perennial model crop

Kazumba

Gillerman

DeMalach

et al. 2010

Water Science and Technology

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Scarcity of fresh high-quality water has heightened the importance of wastewater reuse primarily in dry regions together with improving its efficient use by implementing the Subsurface Drip Irrigation (SDI) method. Sustainable effluent reuse combines soil and plant aspects, along with the maintainability of the application system. In this study, field experiments were conducted for two years on the commercial farm of Revivim and Mashabay-Sade farm (RMF) southeast of the City of Beer-Sheva, Israel. The purpose was to examine the response of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) as a perennial model crop to secondary domestic effluent application by means of a SDI system as compared with conventional overhead sprinkler irrigation. Emitters were installed at different depths and spacing. Similar amounts of effluent were applied to all plots during the experimental period. The results indicated that in all SDI treatments, the alfalfa yields were 11% to 25% higher than the ones obtained under sprinkler irrigated plots, besides the one in which the drip laterals were 200 cm apart. The average Water Use Efficiency (WUE) was better in all SDI treatments in comparison with the sprinkler irrigated plots. An economic assessment reveals the dependence of the net profit on the emitters' installation geometry, combined with the return for alfalfa in the market.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable domestic effluent reuse via subsurface drip irrigation (SDI): alfalfa as a perennial model crop

Kazumba

Gillerman

DeMalach

et al. 2010

Water Science and Technology

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“…A BAF typically consists of a submerged, granular media that treats carbonaceous and nitrogenous matter using biomass fixed to the media and capturing the suspended solids in the media. Over the last two decades, different configurations have been developed to improve BAF treatment efficiency, including downflow [9] or upflow configurations [10][11][12] and use of various DOI:10.4491/eer.2010.15.2.079 media. Pilot-scale studies seemed to suggest that BAFs might be effective in removing ammonia when the wastewater is recirculated [13].…”

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confidence: 99%

Impact of Media Type and Various Operating Parameters on Nitrification in Polishing Biological Aerated Filters

Ha¹,

Ong

Surampalli³

2010

Environmental Engineering Research

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Three biological aerated filters (BAFs) composed of a PVC pipe with a diameter of 75 mm were constructed and operated at a wastewater temperature at 13°C. The media used for each BAF were: 5-mm gravel; 5-mm lava rock; 12.5-mm diameter by 15-mm long plastic rings, all with a media depth of 1.7 m. The feedwater, which simulated the effluent of aerated lagoons, had influent soluble chemical oxygen demand (sCOD) and ammonia concentrations of approximately 50 and 25 mg/L, respectively. For a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of two hours without recirculation, ammonia percent removals were 98.5, 98.9, and 97.8%, for the gravel, lava rock, and plastic rings, respectively. By increasing the effluent recirculation from 100 to 200% for an HRT of one hour, respective ammonia removals improved from 90.1 to 96, 76.5 to 90, and 65.3 to 79.5% for gravel, lava rock, and plastic rings. Based on the ammonia and sCOD loadings for different HRTs, the estimated maximum ammonia loading was approximately 0.6 kg NH 3 -N/m 3 -day for the three BAFs of different media types. The zero-order biotransformation rates for the BAF with gravel were found to be higher than the lava rock and plastic ring media. The results ultimately showed that BAF can be used as an add-on system to aerated lagoons or as a secondary treatment unit to meet ammonia discharge limits.

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Temperature effects on nitrification in polishing biological aerated filters (BAFs)

Ong

Surampalli

et al. 2010

Environmental Technology

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The effects of temperature on nitrification in a polishing biological aerated filter (BAF) were investigated using a 75-mm diameter pilot-scale BAF with a gravel media size of 5 mm and a depth of 1.7 m. Influent soluble chemical oxygen demand (sCOD) and ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N) concentrations were approximately 50 mg/L and 25 mg/L simulating the effluent from an aerated lagoon system. For an influent wastewater temperature of 6.5 degrees C, approximately 95% of NH3-N was nitrified at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 2 hours. By recirculating 200% of the effluent back into the BAF for a HRT of 1 hour and at 6.5 degrees C, NH3-N percentage removal improved from 54% to 92%. For NH3-N loading larger than 0.9 kg NH3-N/m3-day at 24 degrees C, the mass of NH3-N removed in kg NH3-N/ m3-day reached an asymptotic value of 0.63 kg NH3-N/m3-day. The NH3-N concentrations within the column at different temperatures were modelled using zero-order biotransformation rate kinetics. The results showed that gravel BAF operating at an HRT of 1 hour with 100% or 200% recirculation can be used as an add-on technology for nitrification for cold weather conditions.

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Possibility of sewage and combined sewer overflow reuse with biological aerated filters

Cited by 3 publications

References 3 publications

Sustainable domestic effluent reuse via subsurface drip irrigation (SDI): alfalfa as a perennial model crop

Sustainable domestic effluent reuse via subsurface drip irrigation (SDI): alfalfa as a perennial model crop

Impact of Media Type and Various Operating Parameters on Nitrification in Polishing Biological Aerated Filters

Temperature effects on nitrification in polishing biological aerated filters (BAFs)

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