Possible 3D Carbon Structures as Progressive Intermediates in Graphite to Diamond Phase Transition

Synthesis, characterization and cytotoxicity of surface amino-functionalized water-dispersible multi-walled carbon nanotubes

“…Furthermore, diffraction maximum at 2u = 43.48 (d = 0.208 nm) is attributed to the MWCNT interwall spacing as well [9]. Finally, diffraction maximum at lower angles (2u = 16.68, d = 0.539 nm) is due to some evaporated carbon phases [46]. Modified MWCNTs still had the same cylinder wall structure as raw-MWCNTs and interplanar spacing of all samples remained the same.…”

Poly(propylene)/Graphene Nanoplatelet Nanocomposites: Melt Rheological Behavior and Thermal, Electrical, and Electronic Properties

“…[46] The peak at around 26.78 is the (002) plane of the exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets and the one at 54.88 corresponds to (004) of graphite. [48][49][50] The intensities of both peaks become stronger with increasing the filler loading. PP crystalline polymorph is barely affected by the incorporated GnPs, which is consistent with the reported results.…”

Synthesis and Characterization of Polyhedral Graphite Particles

“…The synthesis of novel allotropic carbon forms has long been of considerable interest. Synthesis of bulk quantities of sp 2 -bonded 0-D fullerene molecules [1] and 1-D nanotubes [2] has demonstrated that abundant structures existing in carbon family, and new forms of carbon is possible [3,4]. Because of the great difference between the force of sp 2 C-C bond in layer and the van der Waals force between layers, it is hard for graphite-like sp 2 carbon atoms to form a stable diamondlike 3-D feature.…”