Possible Accumulation of Heavy Metals Around Offshore Oil Production Facilities in the Beaufort Sea

Newbury, Thomas K.

doi:10.14430/arctic2604

Cited by 15 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…High salinities indicate a lack of natural seawater drainage and little flushing action. This means that highly saline water is relatively isolated and stagnant (Newbury, 1979). For example, the salinity rises to 40"/0, away from the mouth of Dease Inlet and Elson Lagoon (Schell, 1975); on the basis of the salinity budget, Schell calculated that the flushing time was approximately seven days.…”

Section: Fig 3 Underwater Photograph Of Clear Flat Ice In Stefanssomentioning

confidence: 99%

Under Landfast Ice

Newbury¹

1983

ARCTIC

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The layer of water under landfast ice has unique oceanographic characteristics, as described in this review of recent assessment information for the central Alaskan Beaufort Sea coast. Water circulation is very slow, usually near the lower threshold of current meters. Barometric storms cause infrequent surges of water. The weak thermohaline-driven circulation is the reverse of that in ice-free estuaries. Watertemperatures are always close to the slowly declining freezing point, and salinity gradually increases to high levels in bays because of flushing times of a month or more. Biological processes during the dark third of the year when there is no photosynthesis are dependent primarily on detritus and stored energy. Detritus is decomposed slowly by bacteria, and consumed by epibenthic invertebrates. Invertebrates and their main predators, fish, both reproduce under the ice cover. Food may limit biological activity in late winter, even in nearshore areas. Spring under-ice primary production totals possibly one-third of annual production with production of epontic algae attached to the bottom surface of the ice equalling only 5% of annual production. During breakup, river floods quickly flush under-ice areas; nearshore salinity drops to zero, and the wintertime thermohaline circulation is reversed. Year-to-year physical variations in the habitat cause the populations of three resident animals to vary up to sevenfold, but there are no regular cycles in abundance. Knowledge of these under-ice characteristics is important for understanding the Beaufort Sea coastal ecosystems, even for the relatively short open-water period.

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Section: Fig 3 Underwater Photograph Of Clear Flat Ice In Stefanssomentioning

confidence: 99%

Under Landfast Ice

Newbury¹

1983

ARCTIC

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“…Groundwater plays a very important role in meeting the water needs of many communities in the world. In Ghana, it serves as the main and increase in heavy metal concentration in soils around oil production facilities (Newbury, 1997). Unlike many organic pollutants, which eventually degrade to carbon dioxide and water, heavy metals tend to accumulate in the environment and can be transported from one environment to the other depending on their chemical mobility (Duffus, 2002;Ahmadipour et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential groundwater pollution from improper oil and metal waste disposal in Suame, Ghana

2017

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Suame is an industrialized hub in Kumasi, Ghana, that is noted for vehicle repairs and servicing, sale of automobile spare parts, and metal fabrication. Some of these activities generate huge volumes of waste oil and metals that are often disposed off indiscriminately into the environment. These could pose a threat to the quality of groundwater in the area, especially if they continuously accumulate in the environment. This study, therefore, investigated the potential impact of the waste disposal on groundwater quality in the area. The methods employed involved mapping all the potential waste oil spillage sources and sampling the soils in such areas (at 0 – 30 and 30 – 60 cm depths) and groundwater supply points for laboratory analyses to determine the presence of the waste. In all, 36 samples (comprising 12 soil and 24 groundwater) were analysedfor the presence of heavy metals including Cd, Ni, Cu, Pb, Zn and Cr, which were used as traceelements for the presence of the waste in the samples. Computedgeo-accumulation indices from the results show the soils are moderately to heavily polluted with Cd and Pb whilst the groundwater, when compared to the WHO drinking water guidelines, is polluted with Pb and Ni. Althoughthe source of the high Pb content observed could be attributed to its transport directly from the activities in the area, the presence of high Ni makes it inconclusive since the Ni in the soil was within the concentration expected of the parent rock geochemistry. This notwithstanding, the study has indicated that groundwater in the area is not safe for human consumption unless the lead and nickel concentrations are reduced to acceptable standard for drinking.Keywords: Groundwater quality, pollution, waste disposal, Suame, Ghana

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“…This applies to both lakes Fjord on one occasion (Deep Meromictic Basin, and bays (Page et. al., 1984;Newbury, 1979;Fig. 1; and this suggests that 231 present day lake meromixis could have started in fjords of the middle Holocene before the land has risen sufftciently to isolate the fjord waters from the sea.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meromixis in an antarctic fjord: a precursor to meromictic lakes on an isostatically rising coastline

Gallagher

Burton

Calf³

1989

Hydrobiologia

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Physico-chemical data and isotopic studies (utilising H14C0,, H2180, 3H20) suggest that hypersaline meromixis in Ellis Fjord (Vestfold Hills, Antarctica) was initiated during the middle Holocene period, when hypersaline brine, excluded during the annual formation of sea-ice, gravitated in a density current to the bottom. The application of this contemporary information to the genesis of the meromictic lakes found today in the Vestfold Hills, suggest that their meromixis may have developed prior to isolation from the sea. Comparison of physico-chemical data from the meromictic basins of Ellis Fjord with that of the Vestfold Hills saline lake allows some determination of their evolutionary pathways initiated before, during and after isolation from the sea. Further evolution of each lake can be explained through the individual interaction between climate, the catchment size and basin morphology.

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Possible Accumulation of Heavy Metals Around Offshore Oil Production Facilities in the Beaufort Sea

Cited by 15 publications

References 2 publications

Under Landfast Ice

Under Landfast Ice

Potential groundwater pollution from improper oil and metal waste disposal in Suame, Ghana

Meromixis in an antarctic fjord: a precursor to meromictic lakes on an isostatically rising coastline

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