Possible association of sialolithiasis with HIV infection and highly active antiretroviral therapy: A case report

Abstract

Although there appears to be an overall trend of diminishing oral manifestations of HIV infection, evidence is emerging on the increased incidence of concomitant parotid gland enlargement and xerostomia. Furthermore, several case narrations and a limited series have suggested a possible association of sialolithiasis with highly active antiretroviral therapy, mostly involving the parotid gland. The aim of this report is to present a patient with a giant sialolith of the submandibular gland following a 27-year intake of various antiretrovirals for HIV infection and review the relevant literature.

Concurrent giant sialoliths within the submandibular gland parenchyma and distal segment of Wharton’s duct: Novel case report

“…15,16 Other lithogenic risk factors are familial predilection, embedded foreign objects (shrapnel, fish bone, gold filament thread) and highly active antiretroviral administration. [17][18][19][20][21] The submandibular gland has a greater propensity for stone formation than the parotid and sublingual glands, attributed to an array of morphologic anomalies specific to Wharton's duct (increased length, anti-gravitational salivary flow, stenosis, stricture) and elevated salivary alkalinity. 22 Further, it has been suggested that the abrupt angulations in Wharton's duct at the punctum (anterior segment) and genu (posterior segment) may result in salivary stagnation and consequent stone deposition.…”