Possible autocrine enkephalin regulation of catecholamine release in human pheochromocytoma cells

Intrathecal Implantation of Microencapsulated PC12 Cells Reduces Cold Allodynia in a Rat Model of Neuropathic Pain

“…However, the source of the donor tissues has become one of the limiting factors for transplantation in chronic pain therapy. An ethical argument surrounds the implantation of animal (xenogenic) adrenal chromaffin cells for human pain therapy, and the availability of human chromaffin cells is very limited.Recently,a study found that human pheochromocytoma cells in primary culture can synthesize and secrete catecholamine and enkephalin (11) and the enkephalin levels did not decrease with the passing of time in culture (11). Human pheochromocytoma cells can originate from surgical samples from patients with adrenal pheochromocytoma, a benign tumor of the adrenal medullary chromaffin cell.…”

“…Further research is required to determine the effects of these methods for alleviating pain, and the availability of human chromaffin cells is very limited. Recently, a study found that human pheochromocytoma cells in primary culture can secrete catecholamines and enkephalin (11). These human pheochromocytoma cells can originate from surgical samples from patients with adrenal pheochromocytoma, a benign tumor of the adrenal medullary chromaffin cell.…”

Antinociceptive Effect of Intrathecal Microencapsulated Human Pheochromocytoma Cell in a Rat Model of Bone Cancer Pain

“…And the tumors behaved in a benign fashion according to the Pheochromocytomas of the Adrenal gland Scaled Score (PASS) which is weighted for specific histologic features (PASS < 4) [37]. The pheochromocytoma tissues were obtained under aseptic condition and processed for primary culture as previously described [14]. Briefly, the pheochromocytoma tissue was minced into fragments measuring approximately 1 mm 3 .…”

“…Pheochromocytoma is catecholamine-secreting tumor that arises from chromaffin tissue within the adrenal medulla and extra-adrenal site. A previous study has reported that human pheochromocytoma cells synthesize and secrete met-enkephalin and norepinephrine [14]. Therefore, we hypothesized that primarily cultured human pheochromocytoma cells would be a promising candidate for cell therapy to alleviate the intractable pain in cancer patients.…”

Acute Hypoxia Induces Enkephalin Production and Release in an Adrenergic Cell Line Model of Neonatal Chromaffin Cell Responses to Hypoxic Stress

“…In addition to catecholamines, adrenal chromaffin cells synthesize and secrete selected neuropeptides, notably chromogranins and enkephalin (ENK). 20,21 While chromogranins directly interact with adrenal catecholamines to regulate lipolysis and blood pressure, 20 Met-ENK and Leu-ENK (bioactive opioid peptides proteolytically processed from the prohormone proenkephalin A) are costored with catecholamines in adrenal secretory vesicles. [22][23][24] In bovine adrenal chromaffin cells, Metand Leu-ENK are released in response to cholinergic and hypoxic stimuli.…”