Possible causes of stratospheric NO2 trends observed at Lauder, New Zealand

Fish, D. J.; Roscoe, H. K.; Johnston, P. V.

doi:10.1029/2000gl011700

Cited by 27 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…McLinden et al (2001) suggested that the rate of increase in NO y should be about threequarters that of N 2 O due to simultaneous trends in stratospheric ozone and temperature. An increase in column-NO 2 at >5%/decade has been reported (Liley et al, 2000), which is consistent with an increase in NO y combined with a shift in the NO 2 /NO y partitioning due to changes in ozone, temperature, halogens, and possibly aerosol loading over the length of the time series (Fish et al, 2000;McLinden et al, 2001). …”

supporting

confidence: 54%

Odin stratospheric proxy NOy measurements and climatology

et al. 2008

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Abstract. Five years of OSIRIS (Optical Spectrograph andInfraRed Imager System) NO 2 and SMR (Sub-millimetre and Millimetre Radiometer) HNO 3 observations from the Odin satellite, combined with data from a photochemical box model, have been used to construct a stratospheric proxy NO y data set including the gases: NO, NO 2 , HNO 3 , 2×N 2 O 5 and ClONO 2 . This Odin NO y climatology is based on all daytime measurements and contains monthly mean and standard deviation, expressed as mixing ratio or number density, as function of latitude or equivalent latitude (5 • bins) on 17 vertical layers (altitude, pressure or potential temperature) between 14 and 46 km. Comparisons with coincident NO y profiles from the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment-Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS) instrument were used to evaluate several methods to combine Odin observations with model data. This comparison indicates that the most appropriate merging technique uses OSIRIS measurements of NO 2 , scaled with model NO/NO 2 ratios, to estimate NO. The sum of 2×N 2 O 5 and ClONO 2 is estimated from uncertainty-based weighted averages of scaled observations of SMR HNO 3 and OSIRIS NO 2 . Comparisons with ACE-FTS suggest the precision (random error) and accuracy (systematic error) of Odin NO y profiles are about 15% and 20%, respectively. Further comparisons between Odin and the Canadian Middle Atmosphere Model (CMAM) show agreement to within 20% and 2 ppb throughout most of the stratosphere except in the polar vortices. The combination of good temporal and spatial coverage, a relatively long data record, and good accuracy and precision make this a valuable NO y product for various atmospheric studies and model assessments.

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supporting

confidence: 54%

Odin stratospheric proxy NOy measurements and climatology

et al. 2008

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“…A change in the Dobson-Brewer circulation could also affect the evolution of stratospheric NO 2 (Fish et al, 2000). Cook and Roscoe (2009) recently reported a small, though not significant, increase in the stratospheric circulation of +1.4 ± 3.5 % decade −1 derived from SAOZ NO 2 observations in Antarctic summer.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using 3-D-Chemical Transport Model calculations, McLinden et al (2001) suggested that the 5 % decade −1 NO 2 trend from 1981 to 1999 results from a 2.5 % decade −1 increase due to rising N 2 O emissions and further 2.5 % decade −1 increase resulting from a decrease in stratospheric ozone. The abundance of NO 2 in the stratosphere can be affected by ozone through the following reaction (Fish et al, 2000):…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of stratospheric NO2 trends above Jungfraujoch using ground-based UV-visible, FTIR, and satellite nadir observations

et al. 2012

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Abstract. The trend in stratospheric NO 2 column at the NDACC (Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change) station of Jungfraujoch (46.5 • N, 8.0 • E) is assessed using ground-based FTIR and zenith-scattered visible sunlight SAOZ measurements over the period 1990 to 2009 as well as a composite satellite nadir data set constructed from ERS-2/GOME, ENVISAT/SCIAMACHY, and METOP-A/GOME-2 observations over the 1996-2009 period. To calculate the trends, a linear least squares regression model including explanatory variables for a linear trend, the mean annual cycle, the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO), solar activity, and stratospheric aerosol loading is used. For the 1990-2009 period, statistically indistinguishable trends of −3.7 ± 1.1 % decade −1 and −3.6 ± 0.9 % decade −1 are derived for the SAOZ and FTIR NO 2 column time series, respectively. SAOZ, FTIR, and satellite nadir data sets show a similar decrease over the 1996-2009 period, with trends of −2.4 ± 1.1 % decade −1 , −4.3 ± 1.4 % decade −1 , and −3.6 ± 2.2 % decade −1 , respectively. The fact that these declines are opposite in sign to the globally observed +2.5 % decade −1 trend in N 2 O, suggests that factors other than N 2 O are driving the evolution of stratospheric NO 2 at northern mid-latitudes. Possible causes of the decrease in stratospheric NO 2 columns have been investigated. The most likely cause is a change in the NO 2 /NO partitioning in favor of NO, due to a possible stratospheric cooling and a decrease in stratospheric chlorine content, the latter being further confirmed by the negative trend in the ClONO 2 column derived from FTIR observations at Jungfraujoch. Decreasing ClO concentrations slows the NO + ClO → NO 2 + Cl reaction and a stratospheric cooling slows the NO + O 3 → NO 2 + O 2 reaction, leaving more NO x in the form of NO. The slightly positive trends in ozone estimated from ground-and satellitebased data sets are also consistent with the decrease of NO 2 through the NO 2 + O 3 → NO 3 + O 2 reaction. Finally, we cannot rule out the possibility that a strengthening of the Dobson-Brewer circulation, which reduces the time available for N 2 O photolysis in the stratosphere, could also contribute to the observed decline in stratospheric NO 2 above Jungfraujoch.

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“…Indeed, the sulphate aerosol influences NO 2 column due to well-known denoxification processes via heterogeneous chemistry. The large eruption of Mount Pinatubo in 1991 led to an increase of the aerosol loading by 2 orders of magnitude resulting in highly enhanced aerosol surface areas and hence in heterogeneous chemical processing in the stratosphere until at least the mid-1990s (Fish et al, 2000). The aerosol contribution varies with the period covered by the time series, notably covering the Mt Pinatubo period.…”

Section: Nomentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the inter-annual variability of stratospheric chemical composition in chemistry-climate models using ground-based multi species time series

Poulain

Bekki

Marchand

et al. 2016

Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics

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Possible causes of stratospheric NO₂ trends observed at Lauder, New Zealand

Cited by 27 publications

References 18 publications

Odin stratospheric proxy NO<sub>y</sub> measurements and climatology

Odin stratospheric proxy NO<sub>y</sub> measurements and climatology

Analysis of stratospheric NO<sub>2</sub> trends above Jungfraujoch using ground-based UV-visible, FTIR, and satellite nadir observations

Evaluation of the inter-annual variability of stratospheric chemical composition in chemistry-climate models using ground-based multi species time series

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Possible causes of stratospheric NO2 trends observed at Lauder, New Zealand

Cited by 27 publications

References 18 publications

Odin stratospheric proxy NO&lt;sub&gt;y&lt;/sub&gt; measurements and climatology

Odin stratospheric proxy NO&lt;sub&gt;y&lt;/sub&gt; measurements and climatology

Analysis of stratospheric NO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; trends above Jungfraujoch using ground-based UV-visible, FTIR, and satellite nadir observations

Evaluation of the inter-annual variability of stratospheric chemical composition in chemistry-climate models using ground-based multi species time series

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Possible causes of stratospheric NO₂ trends observed at Lauder, New Zealand

Odin stratospheric proxy NO<sub>y</sub> measurements and climatology

Odin stratospheric proxy NO<sub>y</sub> measurements and climatology

Analysis of stratospheric NO<sub>2</sub> trends above Jungfraujoch using ground-based UV-visible, FTIR, and satellite nadir observations