Possible involvement of matrix metalloproteinase-3 in the pathogenesis of macroprolactinaemia in some patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Adachi, Takashi; Hattori, Naoki; Ishihara, Takashi; Iida, Hiroya; Saito, Takanori; Miyashima, Shigeo; Shimatsu, Akira

doi:10.1530/eje-13-0170

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…However, few studies have suggested increased occurrence of macroprolactinemia with age. 19 Also underlying etiology or the reason for testing for hyperprolactinemia was not a factor on the occurrence of macroprolactinemia. Macroprolactinemia in India Sharma et al…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Macroprolactinemia in People Detected to Have Hyperprolactinemia

Sharma

Dutta²,

Sharma

et al. 2021

J Lab Physicians

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Background Macroprolactinemia is an analytic laboma encountered as a part of prolactin assay. No data are available on the burden of macroprolactinemia in Indians. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and predictors of macroprolactinemia among people with hyperprolactinemia. Methods Consecutive patients detected to have serum prolactin > 18 ng/mL as per the upper reference limit were further screened for macroprolactin by post-polyethylene-glycol (PEG)-precipitation test. Macroprolactinemia was defined as post-PEG recovery of prolactin < 40%. Results The four most common underlying etiologies for the testing of hyperprolactinemia were polycystic ovary syndrome (n = 402; 32.71%), pituitary adenomas (n = 318; 25.87%), drug-induced hyperprolactinemia (n = 224; 18.23%), and infertility (n = 126; 10.25%). A total of 1,229 patients (male:female = 191:1038) having mean age 30.46 ± 10.14 years had hyperprolactinemia, of which 168 (13.7%) were diagnosed to have macroprolactinemia. Macroprolactinemia was significantly higher in females than males (15.03 vs. 6.28%; p < 0.001). Age quartile-based analysis revealed no difference in occurrence of macroprolactinemia. Only 34 patients (2.76%) with macroprolactinemia (< 40% recovery of prolactin post-PEG precipitation) had raised prolactin levels after recovery. These patients primarily had underlying pituitary pathology. Conclusion Macroprolactinemia is not uncommon in people being tested for hyperprolactinemia. We should not hesitate to screen for macroprolactinemia in patients who have incidentally been detected to have hyperprolactinemia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Macroprolactinemia in People Detected to Have Hyperprolactinemia

Sharma

Dutta²,

Sharma

et al. 2021

J Lab Physicians

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“…There was also no correlation between IL-21 and anti-TPO and anti-TG levels (Table 3). Systematic lupus erythematosus and RA as autoimmune diseases with an increased prevalence of serum autoantibodies were associated with macroprolactinaemia (5,6). There are also some studies showing significantly higher prolactin levels in HT patients rather than controls (15,16).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The binding of prolactin to an immunoglobulin forms macroprolactin and is usually formed by IgG antibody. Macroprolactinaemia has been found to be associated with different autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis in different studies (5)(6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation the Association of Interleukin-21 and Macroprolactine Levels with Anti-thyroid Antibodies in Patients with Hashimoto Thyroiditis

belli¹,

Ercan²,

Sarac³

et al. 2016

West Indian Med J

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Aim: Hashimoto's thyroiditis is part of the spectrum of autoimmune thyroid diseases characterized by the destruction of thyroid cells by antibody-mediated immune processes. Although there are some studies about the association of macroprolactinaemia and interleukin-21 (IL-21) levels with other autoimmune diseases, few studies have been found in association with the Hashimoto's thyroiditis in the literature. In this study, we aimed to see if there is any association between IL-21 and macroprolactin levels with antithyroid antibodies. Subjects and Method: The study included 70 patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis as the study group and 48 healthy volunteers as the control group. Interleukin-21, prolactin, free thyroxine, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), antibodies against thyroglobulin (TG) and anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) were determined in all participants. The presence of macroprolactinaemia was manifested by a polyethylene glycol precipitation method. Results: There was no significant difference between the study and the control groups for free triiodothyronine (T3), free thyroxine (T4), prolactin and macroprolactin levels. We could not find any relationship between prolactin and macroprolactin levels with anti-TPO and anti-thyroglobulin (anti-TG) levels. Although IL-21 levels of the control group were significantly higher than the study group, there was also no correlation between IL-21 and anti-TPO and anti-TG levels. Conclusion: Our results showed that neither macroprolactin nor prolactin levels have any relationship with anti-thyroid antibodies. Contrary to other studies, IL-21 levels of the control group were higher than the study group. We think that should be done with larger groups to better understand if there was any relationship of IL-21 and macroprolactin levels with Hashimoto's thyroiditis.

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