Possible ionospheric anomalies associated with the 2009 Mw 6.4 Taiwan earthquake from DEMETER and GNSS TEC

Abbasi, Abdur Rafeh; Shah, Munawar; Ahmed, Arslan; Naqvi, Najam Abbas

doi:10.1007/s40328-020-00325-1

Cited by 16 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Furthermore, we also observed positive VTEC anomalies for three IGS stations operating inside, namely TUBI and RAMO, and outside, namely SVTL, the earthquake-impacted area during quiet as well as active storm days (Figure 11). The findings of VTEC anomalies in this work are consistent with the previously observed ionospheric variations from GNSS and other satellites [33,42]. It is possible that radon emission during the earthquake preparation phase causes these ionospheric VTEC anomalies [16].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

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Synchronized and Co-Located Ionospheric and Atmospheric Anomalies Associated with the 2023 Mw 7.8 Turkey Earthquake

Haider,

Shah,

et al. 2024

Remote Sensing

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Earth observations from remotely sensed data have a substantial impact on natural hazard surveillance, specifically for earthquakes. The rapid emergence of diverse earthquake precursors has led to the exploration of different methodologies and datasets from various satellites to understand and address the complex nature of earthquake precursors. This study presents a novel technique to detect the ionospheric and atmospheric precursors using machine learning (ML). We examine the multiple precursors of different spatiotemporal nature from satellites in the ionosphere and atmosphere related to the Turkey earthquake on 6 February 2023 (Mw 7.8), in the form of total electron content (TEC), land surface temperature (LST), sea surface temperature (SST), air pressure (AP), relative humidity (RH), outgoing longwave radiation (OLR), and air temperature (AT). As a confutation analysis, we also statistically observe datasets of atmospheric parameters for the years 2021 and 2022 in the same epicentral region and time period as the 2023 Turkey earthquake. Moreover, the aim of this study is to find a synchronized and co-located window of possible earthquake anomalies by providing more evidence with standard deviation (STDEV) and nonlinear autoregressive network with exogenous inputs (NARX) models. It is noteworthy that both the statistical and ML methods demonstrate abnormal fluctuations as precursors within 6 to 7 days before the impending earthquake over the epicenter. Furthermore, the geomagnetic anomalies in the ionosphere are detected on the ninth day after the earthquake (Kp > 4; Dst < −70 nT; ap > 50 nT). This study indicates the relevance of using multiple earthquake precursors in a synchronized window from ML methods to support the lithosphere–atmosphere–ionosphere coupling (LAIC) phenomenon.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Furthermore, the GNSS TEC is widely utilized to study ionospheric anomalies associated with earthquakes across the globe [4,10,42], and the geomagnetic indices showed storm time variations, derived from the NASA OMNIWeb via https://omniweb.gsfc. nasa.gov/form/dx1.html (retrieved on 15 June 2023).…”

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Synchronized and Co-Located Ionospheric and Atmospheric Anomalies Associated with the 2023 Mw 7.8 Turkey Earthquake

Haider,

Shah,

et al. 2024

Remote Sensing

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“…In addition to GPS TEC, the EQ associated-ionospheric anomalies can also be prominently observed in the analysis of various satellites, such as DEMETER, Swarm, and CSES (Shah et al, 2019b;De Santis et al, 2019;Tariq et al, 2019;Kiyani et al, 2020). For example, Abbasi et al (2021) showed significant GPS TEC anomalies around the epicenter of future EQs, and the same variations were also found in the daily variations of DEMETER satellite data for the same event over the epicentral region and associated fault lineament regions. Moreover, Marchetti et al (2019) analyzed the long-term data on Swarm satellites for establishing a statistical relationship between EQ and ionospheric anomalies in the epicentral regions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Possible seismo-ionospheric anomalies associated with the 2016 Mw 6.5 Indonesia earthquake from GPS TEC and Swarm satellites

Khan

Ghaffar

Shah

et al. 2022

Front. Astron. Space Sci.

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Ionospheric anomalies through satellites can provide useful information about forthcoming earthquakes (EQs) over the epicentral regions. In this paper, we investigated seismo-ionospheric anomalies associated with the Mw 6.5 Sumatra earthquake that occurred in Indonesia on 06 December 2016 at 22:03 UT. We analyzed the total electron content (TEC) from Global Positioning System (GPS) signals received at the nearby stations around the epicenter. Furthermore, we also studied the TEC in local daytime and nighttime from Swarm satellites to confirm the EQ-induced ionospheric perturbations. The TEC showed significant perturbation within 5–10 days before the main shock in the form of positive anomalies beyond the upper bound. Similarly, Swarm satellites also validated the anomalies observed in the GPS TEC from nearby operating stations within 5–10 days over the epicentral region. The geomagnetic indices were quiet for the observed TEC anomalies within 5–10 days before the main shock, having Dst ≤ −40 nt and Kp ≤ 3. This study reveals the legitimate anomalies mainly associated with the EQ and suggests using the TEC from GPS and other satellites to look for possible future precursors with a more equipped satellite cluster.

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“…Numerous research (Draz, et al, 2023;Cheng & Fu, 2022; De Oliveira-Júnior, et al, 2022) showed unusual disturbances in atmosphere and ionosphere related to seismic activities in EQ preparation time as measured by atmospheric parameters and GNSS TEC. There are various parameters to detect perturbations in ionosphere over the epicenter of the earthquake such as atmospheric and ionospheric indices, the electron content in ionosphere and critical frequency ( ) in F2 layer (Abbasi, 2021;Chen, 2021). A variety of development models and statistical techniques are used in this research eld for the detection of anomalies in ionosphere over the EQ epicenter Ahmed, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GNSS TEC and Swarm Satellites for the detection of Ionospheric Anomalies Possibly associated with 2018 Alaska Earthquake

Haider,

Yan,

Shahzad

et al. 2023

Preprint

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In the hunt for seismic precursors with GNSS to detect earthquake-related anomalies in ionosphere are proved as an effective strategy. One method is to use GNSS TEC to distinguish between seismic anomalies in ionosphere and anomalies induced by geo magnetic storm. In this study, TEC data of four GNSS sites near the epicenter of November 30, 2018, Alaska earthquake (Mw 7.1) are examined. We also examined the TEC from Swarm satellites during the local day and nighttime to further support the EQ-induced perturbations in ionosphere. One to six days before the major EQ, the GNSS stations' TEC displayed considerable disturbance positive anomalies crossing the upper bound. The GNSS TEC from the four stations near the EQ epicenter detected ionosphere perturbations in 1 to 6 days prior to the EQ. The swarm satellites TEC data also confirmed these findings. On the other hand, retrieving TEC from all GNSS sites during the EQ preparation phase and weak geo magnetic storm (Kp 4, Dst − 50 nT), we discover evidence of low-intensity anomalies in ionosphere 25–30 days prior to the major shock. Further research shows that EQ-induced TEC anomalies are considerable between UTC 17:30 and 23:00 and that the storm-induced TEC anomaly (caused by Dst = -50 nT and Kp 4) predominates in all GNSS stations between UTC 17:00 and 23:30. In the EQ preparation phase, all of these anomalies before the primary shock are helpful in separating seismic from geomagnetic storm anomalies. Additionally, using TEC monitoring, this work contributes to the growing lithosphere-ionosphere connection concept.

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Possible ionospheric anomalies associated with the 2009 Mw 6.4 Taiwan earthquake from DEMETER and GNSS TEC

Cited by 16 publications

References 53 publications

Synchronized and Co-Located Ionospheric and Atmospheric Anomalies Associated with the 2023 Mw 7.8 Turkey Earthquake

Synchronized and Co-Located Ionospheric and Atmospheric Anomalies Associated with the 2023 Mw 7.8 Turkey Earthquake

Possible seismo-ionospheric anomalies associated with the 2016 Mw 6.5 Indonesia earthquake from GPS TEC and Swarm satellites

GNSS TEC and Swarm Satellites for the detection of Ionospheric Anomalies Possibly associated with 2018 Alaska Earthquake

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