Possible Long-Term Effects of Childhood Maltreatment on Cognitive Function in Adult Women With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Nakayama, Michi; Hori, Hiroaki; Itoh, Mariko; Lin, Mingming; Niwa, Madoka; Ino, Keiko; Imai, Ryota; Ogawa, Sei; Sekiguchi, Atsushi; Matsui, Mié; Kim, Yoshiharu

doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00344

Cited by 9 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…Second, as we only included female participants, it is unknown whether the present findings might be specific to women or common to both sexes. The main reason for the focus on female patients was that this study built on our previous studies of childhood maltreatment, cognitive function, memory bias, inflammation, and the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism in women with PTSD 61,[92][93][94] . In addition, it was necessary to consider potential sex differences in this study, given the evidence for differential psychobiological impacts of childhood maltreatment between sexes 95 and for sexually dimorphic effects of the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism 49 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood maltreatment history and attention bias variability in healthy adult women: role of inflammation and the BDNF Val66Met genotype

et al. 2021

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Childhood maltreatment has been associated with greater attention bias to emotional information, but the findings are controversial. Recently, a novel index of attention bias, i.e., attention bias variability (ABV), has been developed to better capture trauma-related attentional dysfunction. However, ABV in relation to childhood trauma has not been studied. Here, we examined the association of childhood maltreatment history with attention bias/ABV in 128 healthy adult women. Different types of childhood maltreatment were assessed with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Attention bias/ABV was measured by the dot-probe task. Possible mechanisms whereby childhood maltreatment affects attention bias/ABV were also explored, focusing on blood proinflammatory markers and the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism. We observed a significant positive correlation between childhood emotional abuse and ABV (P = 0.002). Serum high-sensitivity tumor necrosis factor-α levels were significantly positively correlated with ABV (P < 0.001), but not with childhood maltreatment. Jonckheere–Terpstra trend test showed a significant tendency toward greater ABV with increasing numbers of the BDNF Met alleles (P = 0.021). A two-way analysis of variance further revealed that the genotype-by-emotional abuse interaction for ABV was significant (P = 0.022); individuals with the Val/Met and Met/Met genotypes exhibited even greater ABV when childhood emotional abuse was present. These results indicate that childhood emotional abuse can have a long-term negative impact on emotional attention control. Increased inflammation may be involved in the mechanism of ABV, possibly independently of childhood maltreatment. The BDNF Met allele may dose-dependently increase ABV by interacting with childhood emotional abuse.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood maltreatment history and attention bias variability in healthy adult women: role of inflammation and the BDNF Val66Met genotype

et al. 2021

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“…As the RBANS is designed to be repeatable, administering this assessment on multiple occasions will yield valuable information about the examinee’s neuropsychological status across time points. Nakayama et al (2020) have found that among a sample of women who have developed PTSD due to interpersonal violence, performance on immediate memory, language, attention, and total RBANS scores were lower than those who did not experience such violence.…”

Section: Evaluation Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 98%

Practitioners conducting interpersonal violence forensic evaluations.

Walker¹,

Diaz²,

Temares³

et al. 2023

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Practitioners are often asked to assess battered women (BW) to form opinions about how their history of victimization may have implications for their mental status. In addition to assessment for treatment plans, opinions can be offered for criminal responsibility, diminished capacity, extreme emotional disturbances, resentencing, affixing the nexus between domestic violence (DV) and personal injury, or impact on access to children during family law disputes among other legal cases. While evaluations of BW and its effects are not uncommon, there is a lack of research and recommended practices for these evaluations, especially when knowledgeable psychotherapists want to perform forensic evaluations. This article aims to provide anecdotal accounts of practices for BW evaluations, specifically related to psychological assessment tools and brief report writing. In BW evaluations for forensic cases, special attention is important in preparing for the evaluation (i.e., agreements with retaining parties, review of collateral documentation) as well as a thorough explanation of informed consent and confidentiality. The mental status examination and behavioral observations are important to integrate with other data points. The authors discuss recommendations and relevant research for specific assessment tools to evaluate personality, emotional, and cognitive functioning, as well as trauma inventories. Finally, brief considerations are noted for report writing that specifically includes comprehensive discussion of interpersonal functioning, writing in a manner that conveys the BW.

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“…Therefore, it is possible that post-traumatic sequelae more complex than PTSD – i.e., cPTSD – may lead to nuanced psychotic symptoms, such as cognitive/excitative symptoms. Given that adults with PTSD following childhood maltreatment scored significantly higher on cognitive dysfunction than those without such experiences ( Nakayama et al, 2020 ), and also given that cPTSD is often associated with prolonged, repeated traumatic experiences during childhood, it is plausible that cPTSD may incur greater cognitive consequences than PTSD. Preliminary findings support this hypothesis, demonstrating that childhood trauma is linked to subjective and objective cognitive difficulties among people with psychosis, including working memory and attention ( Reinhard et al, 2010 ; Vargas et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role and Clinical Correlates of Complex Post-traumatic Stress Disorder in People With Psychosis

et al. 2022

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Traumatic experiences and post-traumatic stress are highly prevalent in people with psychosis, increasing symptom burden, decreasing quality of life and moderating treatment response. A range of post-traumatic sequelae have been found to mediate the relationship between trauma and psychotic experiences, including the “traditional” symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The International Classification of Diseases-11th Edition recognizes a more complex post-traumatic presentation, complex PTSD (cPTSD), which captures both the characteristic symptoms of PTSD alongside more pervasive post-traumatic sequelae known as ‘disturbances in self-organization’ (DSOs). The prevalence and impact of cPTSD and DSOs in psychosis remains to be explored. In the first study of this kind, 144 participants with psychosis recruited from North West United Kingdom mental health services completed measures assessing trauma, PTSD and cPTSD symptoms and symptoms of psychosis. Forty-percent of the sample met criteria for cPTSD, compared to 10% who met diagnostic criteria for PTSD. PTSD and DSOs mediated the relationship between trauma and positive symptoms, controlling for dataset membership. Both PTSD and DSOs mediated the relationship between trauma and affective symptoms but did not explain a significant proportion of variance in negative symptoms. Cognitive and excitative symptoms of psychosis did not correlate with trauma, PTSD or DSO scores. These findings indicate the possible value of adjunct therapies to manage cPTSD symptoms in people with psychosis, pending replication in larger epidemiological samples and longitudinal studies.

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Possible Long-Term Effects of Childhood Maltreatment on Cognitive Function in Adult Women With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Cited by 9 publications

References 54 publications

Childhood maltreatment history and attention bias variability in healthy adult women: role of inflammation and the BDNF Val66Met genotype

Childhood maltreatment history and attention bias variability in healthy adult women: role of inflammation and the BDNF Val66Met genotype

Practitioners conducting interpersonal violence forensic evaluations.

The Role and Clinical Correlates of Complex Post-traumatic Stress Disorder in People With Psychosis

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