Possible mechanism of efficient mainstream partial nitritation/anammox (PN/A) in hybrid bioreactors (IFAS)

Trojanowicz, Karol; Trela, Józef; Płaza, Elżbieta

doi:10.1080/09593330.2019.1650834

Cited by 21 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Meanwhile, many laboratory studies demonstrated stable mainstream one-stage PN/A performance in MBBRs, − granule-based reactors, − ,, and hybrid systems (biofilm and floccular sludge; Table S1). − It was found that anammox can successfully cope with low temperatures (10–20 °C). ,− NOB can be stably suppressed over a long period (>1 year), and the effluent total N concentration can reach below 10 mg N L –1 at limiting DO concentrations (<0.2 mg L –1 ) …”

Section: Mainstream Pn/amentioning

confidence: 99%

A 20-Year Journey of Partial Nitritation and Anammox (PN/A): from Sidestream toward Mainstream

Wang

Zheng

Duan

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci. Technol.

153

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Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) was discovered as a new microbial reaction in the late 1990s, which led to the development of an innovative energy- and carbon-efficient technologypartial nitritation and anammox (PN/A)for nitrogen removal. PN/A was first applied to remove the nitrogen from high-strength wastewaters, e.g., anaerobic digestion liquor (i.e., sidestream), and further expanded to the main line of wastewater treatment plants (i.e., mainstream). While sidestream PN/A has been well-established with extensive full-scale installations worldwide, practical application of PN/A in mainstream treatment has been proven extremely challenging to date. A key challenge is achieving stable suppression of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB). This study examines the progress of NOB suppression in both sidestream- and mainstream PN/A over the past two decades. The successful NOB suppression in sidestream PN/A was reviewed, and these successes were evaluated in terms of their transferability into mainstream PN/A. Drawing on the learning over the past decades, we anticipate that a hybrid process, comprised of biofilm and floccular sludge, bears great potential to achieve efficient mainstream PN/A, while a combination of strategies is entailed for stable NOB suppression. Furthermore, the recent discovery of novel nitrifiers would trigger new opportunities and new challenges for mainstream PN/A.

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Section: Mainstream Pn/amentioning

confidence: 99%

A 20-Year Journey of Partial Nitritation and Anammox (PN/A): from Sidestream toward Mainstream

Wang

Zheng

Duan

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci. Technol.

153

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“…As mentioned in the literature, nitrogen transformation rates by AOB need to exceed those of NOB (by controlling the operating conditions) to ensure stable PN to provide nitrite for AnAOB. 33 Moreover, it should be pointed out that relying on ammonium accumulation to maintain NOB repression in PN/A evidently worsens the quality of the effluent. 10 However, with the PN/A-PDN/A process, the residual ammonium in the aerobic phase as well as the nitrate could be further removed in the following anoxic phase with limited organics (Figure S3).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These conditions of low DO and appropriate residual bulk ammonium have been reported to effectively suppress NOB. ,, In this study, the abundance and bioactivity of NOB were continuously suppressed and remained below those of AOB for up to 250 days (Figures S2 and S7). As mentioned in the literature, nitrogen transformation rates by AOB need to exceed those of NOB (by controlling the operating conditions) to ensure stable PN to provide nitrite for AnAOB …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving Efficiency and Stability of Anammox through Sequentially Coupling Nitritation and Denitritation in a Single-Stage Bioreactor

Peng

Zhang

et al. 2020

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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This study developed an innovative process for the treatment of low-ammonium wastewater in a single-stage bioreactor over 250 days. Partial nitritation-anammox and partial denitritation-anammox (PN/A-PDN/A) processes were combined under aerobic/anoxic operation, and a high nitrogen removal efficiency (94.6%) was obtained at a nitrogen removal rate of 0.54 kg N m–3 d–1 and a chemical oxygen demand to total inorganic nitrogen (COD/TIN) ratio of 0.28. Mass balance analysis identified anammox as the dominant nitrogen removal pathway, achieving 88.3% nitrogen loss. The abundance of anammox bacteria and their bioactivity rapidly increased and were effectively maintained, as indicated by qPCR and bioactivity tests. The PN/A-PDN/A process provided two pathways of nitrite production for anammox, which favored the enrichment of anammox bacteria and stable processing. In addition, the enrichment of anammox bacteria was promoted by selective floc discharge since anammox bacteria are mainly located in granules (relative abundance of 29.64 ± 7.89%). Competitive organisms (including heterotrophic bacteria and nitrite oxidizing bacteria), enriched in flocs, were washed out. Overall, these findings confirmed anammox, sequentially combined with PN and PDN via aerobic/anoxic strategy, as a promising alternative for mainstream anammox.

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“…In this regard, several operational control strategies have been employed in a two-stage configured system involving either suspended growth or attached growth systems to achieve stable partial nitritation. Recently, research has focused on hybrid system where attached growth biofilms and flocs coexist, also known as integrated fixedfilm activated sludge (IFAS) systems, and biofilm technologies such as the moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) system (Laureni et al, 2016(Laureni et al, , 2019Gu et al, 2018;Kowalski et al, 2019a;Gustavsson et al, 2020;Trojanowicz et al, 2021). Recent interest in biofilm technologies is due to their ability to retain highly specialized microbial populations and also because biofilm structure results in substrate gradients that can promote suppression of the growth of the NOB population or suppression of the NOB activity (Brockmann and Morgenroth, 2008;Gilbert et al, 2014;Pérez et al, 2014;Lotti et al, 2015a;Piculell et al, 2016a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design strategy and mechanism of nitrite oxidation suppression of elevated loading rate partial nitritation system

2023

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There is a current need for a low operational intensity, effective and small footprint system to achieve stable partial nitritation for subsequent anammox treatment at mainstream municipal wastewaters. This research identifies a unique design strategy using an elevated total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) surface area loading rate (SALR) of 5 g TAN/m2.d to achieve cost-effective, stable, and elevated rates of partial nitritation in a moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) system under mainstream conditions. The elevated loaded partial nitritation MBBR system achieves a TAN surface area removal rate (SARR) of 2.01 ± 0.07 g TAN/m2.d and NO2−-N: NH4+-N stoichiometric ratio of 1.15:1, which is appropriate for downstream anammox treatment. The elevated TAN SALR design strategy promotes nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) activity suppression rather than a reduction in NOB population as the reason for the suppression of nitrite oxidation in the mainstream elevated loaded partial nitritation MBBR system. NOB activity is limited at an elevated TAN SALR likely due to thick biofilm embedding the NOB population and competition for dissolved oxygen (DO) with ammonia-oxidizing bacteria for TAN oxidation to nitrite within the biofilm structure, which ultimately limits the uptake of DO by NOB in the system. Therefore, this design strategy offers a cost-effective and efficient alternative for mainstream partial nitritation MBBR systems at water resource recovery facilities.

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Possible mechanism of efficient mainstream partial nitritation/anammox (PN/A) in hybrid bioreactors (IFAS)

Cited by 21 publications

References 39 publications

A 20-Year Journey of Partial Nitritation and Anammox (PN/A): from Sidestream toward Mainstream

A 20-Year Journey of Partial Nitritation and Anammox (PN/A): from Sidestream toward Mainstream

Improving Efficiency and Stability of Anammox through Sequentially Coupling Nitritation and Denitritation in a Single-Stage Bioreactor

Design strategy and mechanism of nitrite oxidation suppression of elevated loading rate partial nitritation system

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