Possible mechanism of the accumulation of natural gas

Trofimuk, A. A.; Cherskiy, N. V.; Makagon, Yu.F.; Tsarev, V. P.

doi:10.1080/00206817309475983

Cited by 8 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Table 1 lists the estimates of natural gas in hydrates in the geosphere's gas hydrate stability zone (GHSZ). These estimates range from the maximum values of Trofimuk et al (1973), (3.053x10 18 m 3 STP of CH 4 , based on the assumption that hydrates could occur wherever a satisfactory P-T regime exists), to the minimum values of Soloviev (2002) (2x10 14 m 3 STP, accounting for limiting factors such as CH 4 availability, limited organic matter, porosity φ, the thermal history of various regions, etc.). All the estimates in Table 1 (except that of Klauda and Sandler, 2005) involve extrapolation of a limited amount of fairly well known, localized geological data to a global level.…”

Section: Occurrence Research Activities and Priorities And Prospectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward Production From Gas Hydrates: Current Status, Assessment of Resources, and Model-Based Evaluation of Technology and Potential

Moridis

Collett

Boswell

et al. 2008

SPE Unconventional Reservoirs Conference

139

205

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Gas hydrates are a vast energy resource with global distribution in the permafrost and in the oceans. Even if conservative estimates are considered and only a small fraction is recoverable, the sheer size of the resource is so large that it demands evaluation as a potential energy source. In this review paper, we discuss the distribution of natural gas hydrate accumulations, the status of the primary international R&D programs, and the remaining science and technological challenges facing commercialization of production. After a brief examination of gas hydrate accumulations that are well characterized and appear to be models for future development and gas production, we analyze the role of numerical simulation in the assessment of the hydrate production potential, identify the data needs for reliable predictions, evaluate the status of knowledge with regard to these needs, discuss knowledge gaps and their impact, and reach the conclusion that the numerical simulation capabilities are quite advanced and that the related gaps are either not significant or are being addressed. We review the current body of literature relevant to potential productivity from different types of gas hydrate deposits, and determine that there are consistent indications of a large production potential at high rates over long periods from a wide variety of hydrate deposits. Finally, we identify (a) features, conditions, geology and techniques that are desirable in potential production targets, (b) methods to maximize production, and (c) some of the conditions and characteristics that render certain gas hydrate deposits undesirable for production. Introduction Background. Gas hydrates are solid crystalline compounds in which gas molecules (referred to as guests) occupy the lattices of ice-like crystal structures called hosts. Under suitable conditions of low temperature T and high pressure P, the hydration reaction of a gas G is described by the general equation G + N H H 2 O = G•N H H 2 O,……………………………………………………………………………………………………(1) where N H is the hydration number. Hydrate deposits occur in two distinctly different geographic settings where the necessary conditions of low T and high P exist for their formation and stability: in the permafrost and in deep ocean sediments (Kvenvolden, 1988). The majority of naturally occurring hydrocarbon gas hydrates contain CH 4 in overwhelming abundance. Simple CH 4-hydrates concentrate methane volumetrically by a factor of 164 when compared to standard P and T conditions (STP). Some modeling suggests that the energy needed for dissociation could be less than 15% of the recovered energy (Sloan and Koh, 2008). Natural CH 4-hydrates crystallize mostly in the structure I form, which contains 46 H 2 O molecules per unit cell. Structure I hydrates have a N H ranging from 5.77 to 7.4, with N H = 6 being the average hydration number and N H = 5.75 corresponding to complete hydration (Sloan and Koh, 2008). Natural gas hydrates can also contain other hydrocarbons (alkanes C ν H 2ν+2 , ν = 2 to 4), but may also co...

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Section: Occurrence Research Activities and Priorities And Prospectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward Production From Gas Hydrates: Current Status, Assessment of Resources, and Model-Based Evaluation of Technology and Potential

Moridis

Collett

Boswell

et al. 2008

SPE Unconventional Reservoirs Conference

139

205

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…But water as well as gases is sequestered in the hydrates. Estimates of hydrate reserves in the oceans [5] give the mass of water bound in them as 10 15 t, which is comparable with the mass of water in ground ice on the continents.…”

Section: G D Ginsburg I S Gramberg V L Ivanov and V A Solomentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas-Hydrate Formation and Lithogenesis in Ocean Sediments

Ginsburg

Gramberg

Ivanov

et al. 1986

International Geology Review

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“…The possibility that natural gas hydrates form under subaqueous conditions and make up a new unconventional energy resource was suggested in the early 1970s [1,2]. This forecast has been confirmed by many examples along the ocean margins and beneath the floors of intracontinental seas [3,4].…”

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confidence: 96%