Possible mechanisms involved in the prevention and reversal of chlorpromazine-induced testicular damage by taurine and coenzyme-Q10 in rats

Adverse hematological profiles associated with chlorpromazine antipsychotic treatment in male rats: Preventive and reversal mechanisms of taurine and coenzyme-Q10

“…Despite being a widely utilized antipsychotic drug and for several other uses such as hiccup, CPZ remains a subject of debate due to its adverse effects [26] , [48] , [69] , [67] . While its efficacy has been established since its introduction, concerns about its side effects on blood cells have been ongoing and only a very few pharmacological studies have attempted to investigate agents that can efficiently reverse its hematological derangements.…”

“…Although the specific mechanisms underlying CPZ-induced changes in blood cells are not fully understood, previous evidence following CPZ-induced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity suggest the role of inflammation and oxidative stress [7] ; Bachour-EL et al, 2014; [69] ). Thus, our current findings complement previous reports showing that molecular processes involving the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and increased generation of free radicals notably induce oxidative damage-mediated blood cell destruction, and important components [23] , [60] .…”

“…Interestingly, the combination taurine and COQ-10 in this study was also shown to increase IL-10 levels with a complimentary reduction of TNF-a and IL-6 concentrations relative to normal control. These effects are most likely achieved through the direct impact of taurine and COQ-10 on cytokine release, as well as indirectly through their antioxidant properties [69] . These findings with taurine and COQ-10 supplementation are consistent with existing reports [65] , [70] , which demonstrated that treatment with taurine and COQ-10 could protect against cytotoxicity and genotoxicity related erythrocyte damage and anemia involving oxido-inflammatory responses in rats by increasing G6PD, a cytoplasmic housekeeping enzyme found in all cells that protect RBCs from damage and premature destruction from ROS [9] .…”

“…Taurine and coenzyme-Q10 (COQ-10) are two naturally occurring compounds reported to have protective and reversal effects on antipsychotic therapeutic-associated side effects [69] , [67] , [66] . Taurine is a protein-containing amino acid abundantly present in mammalian tissues, particularly in the brain, heart, and blood cells [13] , [36] , [66] , [73] , [79] .…”

“…It plays a crucial role in the production of energy and acts as a potent antioxidant [8] , [74] . Both taurine and COQ-10 have been extensively studied for their beneficial effects against various diseases, including psychiatric disorders and reproductive impairment [13] , [69] , [67] , [79] and inhibits leukocyte toxicity [19] . Although every drug is expected to have side effects whether mild or not, numerous proofs have shown the beneficial effects of taurine and co-enzyme Q10 and their beneficial interactions with different medications, notably by improving the function of distribution, CYP45-induced metabolism and excretion induced by some xenobiotics ( [55] ; Mochizuki et al, 2023).…”