Possible monocular predictors of binocular rivalry of contours

On the Discovery of Monocular Rivalry by Tscherning in 1898: Translation and Review

“…Fleetingly, we do see disappearances of one or the other set of component lines that Tscherning reported with his grid. Our observations of disappearances agree also with Honnisett and Oldfield (1961) as well as with Crovitz and Lockhead (1967) who used an almost identical, black-and-white, oblique grid. Yet Helmholtz did not report any of these observations.…”

“…Tscherning's depicted stimulus (Figure 2), his description of his experiences when looking at it, and his implicit theory are all similar to those of others who later investigated monocular rivalry. For example, Crovitz and Lockhead (1967) used a similar grid (except rotated by 45 ), and reported similar experiences. They too were struck by the similarities of the perceptual experiences to that of binocular rivalry between the two component sets of lines viewed one to each eye.…”

“… Breese (1899) is usually credited with the discovery of monocular rivalry ( O’Shea, 1998 ; O’Shea, Parker, La Rooy, & Alais, 2009 ; van Boxtel, Knapen, Erkelens, & van Ee, 2008 ; Wade, 1977 ) although Tong (2001) suggested that the phenomenon was described by Helmholtz (1867a) . We next give the evidence for Tscherning’s primacy, we argue that Helmholtz was describing some other phenomenon, and we add independent accounts of monocular rivalry from Breese (1899) , McDougall (1901 , 1906 ), Honisett and Oldfield (1961) , Crovitz and Lockhead (1967) , Campbell and Howell (1972) , and Sindermann and Lüddeke (1972) . We begin, however, with a brief review of the phenomenon.…”

The effect of contrast on the completeness of binocular rivalry suppression

“…No fixation point was used; subjects were instructed to look approximately in the center of the target, but to shift their gaze slightly from time to time to prevent Troxler fading, which can occur even at the fovea under conditions of strict ftxation (Crovitz & Lockhead, 1967). This maneuver was apparently successful.…”

Binocular rivalry and reciprocal inhibition

“…Woodworth (1938) drew the same analogy. More recently, Ratliff (1962) and Crovitz and Lockhead (1967) have suggested that a similar kind of inhibitory process operates during binocular interaction. Although an explicit model of binocular rivalry based upon reciprocal inhibition has not been formally presented, it is our general impression that many people implicitly hold such a theory Such a theory seems quite reasonable for at least two reasons.…”