Possible Naturally Occurring Zeranol in Bovine Bile in Northern Ireland

Kennedy, D. G.; McEvoy, J. D. G.; Blanchflower, W. J.; Hewitt, S. Armstrong; Cannavan, Andrew; McCaughey, W.J.; Elliott, Christopher T.

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0450.1995.tb00742.x

Cited by 27 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 4 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The authors suggest that the formation of α-ZAL may occur primarily via reduction of α-ZOL, probably in the reductive environment of the rumen. The results are in agreement with earlier investigations which implied that α-ZAL can occur in domestic animals without deliberate α-ZAL treatment (Erasmuson et al, 1994;Kennedy et al, 1995;Miles et al, 1996; Figure 2). Moreover, Kennedy et al (1998) found significantly higher α-ZOL (12-fold) and β-ZOL (9-fold) concentrations in the α-ZAL positive samples than in the α-ZAL negative samples with an α-ZAL: α-ZOL ratio of at least 1:5.…”

Section: Deoxynivalenolsupporting

confidence: 93%

Relevance of the <i>Fusarium</i> toxins deoxynivalenol and zearalenone in ruminant nutrition. A review

Seeling¹,

Dänicke²

2005

J. Anim. Feed Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZON) produced by Fusarium species are agriculturally important mycotoxins of relevance to livestock health. While ZON is known to cause oestrogenic syndromes in animals, a moderate ingestion of DON is associated with reduced performance and immune function. Among farm animals, ruminants appear to have a higher tolerance towards the effects of DON and ZON. As a consequence, feed producers may allocate cereals and roughages which appear contaminated with Fusarium toxins to ruminants. In combination with enhanced toxin concentrations during so-called Fusarium years, the possible effects in ruminants cannot be overlooked. However, only limited and inconsistent literature data are available about the effects of DON and ZON on ruminants. On the basis of the literature, the kinetics, biotransformation and carry over, as well as the effects of DON and ZON on ruminants, are reviewed. Furthermore, dosage and duration of toxin exposure as well as genetic and physiological factors of ruminants which could influence the variability of the toxin effects are considered and discussed. It is concluded that additional research is needed to study the effects of DON and ZON on ruminants, especially in lactating dairy cows.

show abstract

Section: Deoxynivalenolsupporting

confidence: 93%

Relevance of the <i>Fusarium</i> toxins deoxynivalenol and zearalenone in ruminant nutrition. A review

Seeling¹,

Dänicke²

2005

J. Anim. Feed Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…a-ZEL and b-ZEL are also metabolites of ZEN formed in various animal species and in humans [2,[6][7][8]. In ruminants, the formation of small amounts of a-ZAL and b-ZAL has been demonstrated [9,10]. a-ZAL is also called zeranol and used in the USA and Canada, but not in the EU, as a growth promotor in cattle under the trade name RalGro s [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glucuronidation of zearalenone, zeranol and four metabolites in vitro: Formation of glucuronides by various microsomes and human UDP‐glucuronosyltransferase isoforms

Pfeiffer

Hildebrand

Mikula

et al. 2010

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Glucuronidation constitutes an important pathway in the phase II metabolism of the mycotoxin zearalenone (ZEN) and the growth promotor α-zearalanol (α-ZAL, zeranol), but the enzymology of their formation is yet unknown. In the present study, ZEN, α-ZAL and four of their major phase I metabolites were glucuronidated in vitro using hepatic microsomes from steer, pig, rat and human, intestinal microsomes from humans, and eleven recombinant human UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs). After assigning chemical structures to the various glucuronides by using previously published information, the enzymatic activities of the various microsomes and UGT isoforms were determined together with the patterns of glucuronides generated. All six compounds were good substrates for all microsomes studied. With very few exceptions, glucuronidation occurred preferentially at the sterically unhindered phenolic 14-hydroxyl group. UGT1A1, 1A3 and 1A8 had the highest activities and gave rise to the phenolic glucuronide, whereas glucuronidation of the aliphatic hydroxyl group was mostly mediated by UGT2B7 with low activity. Based on these in vitro data, ZEN, α-ZAL and their metabolites must be expected to be readily glucuronidated both in the liver and intestine as well as in other extrahepatic organs of humans and various animal species.

show abstract

“…Among the different metabolites of zearalenone, the non-steroidal oestrogenic ␣-zearalanol (zeranol) has been marketed as a growth promoter [135][136][137] with estrogenic activity with the commercial name "Ralgro". Thus, the finding of zeranol in an animal might, on its own, be an in sufficient proof that malicious abuse of zeranol has occurred.…”

Section: Detection Of Hormones With a Hemi-endogenous Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel analytical methods for the determination of steroid hormones in edible matrices

Noppe

Bizec

Verheyden

et al. 2008

Analytica Chimica Acta

162

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Possible Naturally Occurring Zeranol in Bovine Bile in Northern Ireland

Cited by 27 publications

References 4 publications

Relevance of the <i>Fusarium</i> toxins deoxynivalenol and zearalenone in ruminant nutrition. A review

Relevance of the <i>Fusarium</i> toxins deoxynivalenol and zearalenone in ruminant nutrition. A review

Glucuronidation of zearalenone, zeranol and four metabolites in vitro: Formation of glucuronides by various microsomes and human UDP‐glucuronosyltransferase isoforms

Novel analytical methods for the determination of steroid hormones in edible matrices

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About