Possible neurotransmitter role of noradrenaline in the teleost retina

Jaffe, E. H.; Urbina, Mary; Drujan, B. D.

doi:10.1002/jnr.490290208

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…postsynaptic receptors located at the ganglion cells without directly influencing ganglion cell activity. These data are comparable to the teleost retina where DA and NE act as neuromodulators of intercellular signal transmission [Dowling and Ehinger, 1978;Osborne, 1981;Dowling, 1986;Jaffe et al, 1991;Baldridge et al, 19931. With this study we provide first evidence for establishing both DA and NE as potent neuromodulators in the trout pineal gland.…”

supporting

confidence: 73%

Modulation of ganglion cell activity in the pineal gland of the rainbow trout: Effects of cholinergic, catecholaminergic, and GAB Aergic receptor agonists

Brandstätter¹,

Hermann²

1996

Journal of Pineal Research

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Second order neurons within intact isolated pineal glands of the rainbow trout were explored by extracellular recordings to investigate modulatory effects of putative intrapineal neurotransmitters. Acetylcholine, dopamine, and norepinephrine were found to increase ganglion cell activity in a majority of cells tested. The excitatory effects of acetylcholine, dopamine, and norepinephrine were mimicked by muscarinic, dopamine D2, and beta-adrenergic receptor agonists and significantly increased with the applied light intensity, resulting in an attenuation of the ganglion cell response to light. GABA decreased discharge activity in most cells tested. This effect, which could be mimicked with the GABAA receptor agonist piperidine, was independent from the adaptive status. Acetylcholine and GABA were still active if applied during synaptic blockade with low Ca++ high Mg(++)-perfusion medium, whereas dopamine and norepinephrine exhibited no effects if applied during synaptic blockade, suggesting a differential cellular distribution of neurotransmitter receptors in the trout pineal gland. These data demonstrate that ganglion cell activity in the trout pineal gland is under the influence of several neurotransmitters, including acetylcholine, dopamine, norepinephrine, and GABA, which is in contrast to the originally proposed simple bineuronal transduction pathway from photoreceptors onto ganglion cells. Since the above-mentioned neurotransmitters are believed to be released from pineal interneurons, we may conclude that ganglion cell activity in the teleost pineal gland is, similarly to the retina, the product of photoreceptor signals and a modulatory active interneuronal system.

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supporting

confidence: 73%

Modulation of ganglion cell activity in the pineal gland of the rainbow trout: Effects of cholinergic, catecholaminergic, and GAB Aergic receptor agonists

Brandstätter¹,

Hermann²

1996

Journal of Pineal Research

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“…In humans, dopamine antagonists may suppress both a-and b-waves and prolong their implicit times (Bartel et al, 1990) or reduce b-wave amplitude only (Holopigian et al, 1994). Though there is no solid evidence that the overall amount of retinal dopamine is affected following several days in constant darkness (Jaffe et al, 1991;Manglapus et al, 1999), this does not mean that its turnover is not decreased, as shown by the decrease of its metabolites after transition from LL to DD (Doyle et al, 2002).…”

Section: Rod Erg Following Four Days In Darknessmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…GABA tonic release, suppressing rod function, is greater in darkness (Boatright et al, 1994); norepinephrine disappears in darkness (Jaffe et al, 1991), and the number of VIPþ cells declines linearly in darkness (Herbst & Thier, 1996). However, as far as we know, none of these neurochemicals has been studied with regard to the rod ERG.…”

Section: Rod Erg Following Four Days In Darknessmentioning

confidence: 94%

Human Retinal Light Sensitivity and Melatonin Rhythms Following Four Days in Near Darkness

Danilenko

Plisov

Wirz‐Justice³

et al. 2009

Chronobiology International

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The rods in the retina are responsible for night vision, whereas the cone system enables day vision. We studied whether rod function in humans exhibits an endogenous circadian rhythm and if changes occur in conditions of prolonged darkness. Seven healthy subjects (mean age+/-SD: 25.6+/-12.3 yr) completed a 4.5-day protocol during which they were kept in complete darkness (days 1 and 4) and near darkness (<0.1 lux red light, days 2 and 3). Electroretinography (ERG) and saliva collections were done at intervals of at least 3 h for 27 h on days 1 and 4. Full-field ERGs were recorded over 10 low-intensity green light flashes known to test predominantly rod function. As a circadian marker, salivary melatonin concentration was measured by radioimmunoassay. The ERG data showed that rod responsiveness to light progressively diminished in darkness (significantly lower a- and b-wave amplitudes, longer b-wave implicit time). The decrease in amplitude (b-wave) from day 1 to day 4 averaged 22+/-14%. After correction for the darkness-related linear trend, the circadian variations in ERG indices were weak and usually non-significant, with slightly higher responsiveness to light during the day than night. Rod sensitivity (by K index) tended to decrease. Strikingly, the overall amount of melatonin secretion (area under 24 h curve) also decreased from day 1 to day 4 by 33.1+/-18.9% (p=.017). The drift of the melatonin rhythm phase was within the normal range, less than 56 min over three days. There was no significant correlation between the changes in ERG responses and melatonin. In conclusion, scotopic retinal response to (low-intensity) light and the amount of melatonin secreted are diminished when humans are kept in continuous darkness. Both processes may have a common underlying mechanism implicating a variety of neurochemicals known to be involved in the regulation of both photoreceptor and pineal gland function.

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Effects of norepinephrine on [3H]dopamine release and horizontal cell receptive-field size in the goldfish retina

1993

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Possible neurotransmitter role of noradrenaline in the teleost retina

Cited by 7 publications

References 28 publications

Modulation of ganglion cell activity in the pineal gland of the rainbow trout: Effects of cholinergic, catecholaminergic, and GAB Aergic receptor agonists

Modulation of ganglion cell activity in the pineal gland of the rainbow trout: Effects of cholinergic, catecholaminergic, and GAB Aergic receptor agonists

Human Retinal Light Sensitivity and Melatonin Rhythms Following Four Days in Near Darkness

Effects of norepinephrine on [3H]dopamine release and horizontal cell receptive-field size in the goldfish retina

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