Possible Nosocomial Transmission of Psittacosis

Hughes, Carolyn S.; Maharg, Pat; Rosario, Peter; Herrell, Michael; Bratt, D. E.; Salgado, Jose; Howard, David

doi:10.2307/30141976

Cited by 50 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…More than half of the articles (21/37, 57%) described one or more smaller outbreaks with two to nine people tested with laboratory methods. Eight [26–33] of these smaller outbreaks occurred at family homes and were linked to pet birds, six took place at poultry farms or poultry processing plants [31, 34–38], three were linked to a (pet or other) shop [39–41], two described outbreaks at hospitals, with human psittacosis patients as source [42, 43], two concerned workers and students at a veterinary clinic or school [44, 45] and one was linked to a parrot relief and breeding center [46]. …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 Fatal case. IF to exclude C. pneumoniae .Hughes et al, 1997 [42]1994, USAHospital staff and roommate exposed to pet-shop worker with psittacosisNoMIF IgM, IgG 5/8?Person-to-person transmission likely; Cross-reactivity possible as 3 cases were also MIF seropositive for C. pneumoniae. Goupil et al, 1998 [14]1990, FranceWorkers poultry slaughterhouse, truck driver, maintenance mechanicNoCFT or IF seroconversion with 5 week interval 18/56NoRetrospective study symptomatic workers of whom 6 pneumonia and 4 hospitalized.Moroney et al, 1998 [22]1995, USAOwners of recently bought birds originating from 1 breeder (parakeets, finches, cockatiels, love birds, conures, canaries, parrots)NoMIF 10/58NoHuman outbreak identified after diagnosis of chlamydiosis in birds.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Laboratory methods for case finding in human psittacosis outbreaks: a systematic review

et al. 2018

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BackgroundPsittacosis outbreak investigations require rapid identification of cases in order to trace possible sources and perform public health risk assessments. In recent outbreaks in the Netherlands, such investigations were hampered by the non-specificity of laboratory testing methods to identify human Chlamydia psittaci infections.MethodA systematic search of PubMed and Scopus databases of literature published between 01 January, 1986 and 03 July, 2017 was done to find best practices of laboratory-testing methods used in psittacosis outbreaks of two or more human cases. Reference lists of included articles were hand searched to identify additional articles.ResultsThirty-seven eligible articles were identified, describing 44 human psittacosis outbreaks in 12 countries. Laboratory tests performed were PCR (with various targets), serologic tests (complement binding reactions, ELISA’s, immunofluorescence tests and immuno-peroxidase tests) and culture, in various combinations. The literature provided no ‘gold standard’ laboratory testing strategy to identify recent human C. psittaci infections. In most psittacosis outbreaks, for a considerable number of cases (or tested individuals in an exposed cohort), C. psittaci infection could not be confirmed, nor excluded as causative pathogen. None of the testing strategies was found to be suitable for (nearly) full case finding.ConclusionPCR enables rapid identification of human psittacosis patients and helps source finding by genotyping but has the disadvantage that sensitivity is high only in the acute phase. In outbreak situations, there is often a time delay and therefore, there is a need for new serologic testing methods next to PCR, with good specificity and sensitivity. Moreover, serum is easier to collect than the preferred diagnostic materials for PCR. A serologic test that can reliably confirm infection status without the necessity of convalescent serum sampling would enhance case finding, source tracing, identification of risk factors and assessment of burden of disease in various settings.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12879-018-3317-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory methods for case finding in human psittacosis outbreaks: a systematic review

et al. 2018

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“…[68][69][70] Person-to-person transmission of psittacosis is possible but thought to be rare. [71][72][73][74] Standard infection-control precautions are typically sufficient for the medical management of humans with psittacosis, and specific isolation procedures (eg, private room, negative pressure air flow, masks) are not indicated, unless there is evidence of person-to-person transmission. 15,[72][73][74][75] Currently, there is no recommendation for droplet precau- a A: The committee strongly recommends the routine use of this prevention measure because there is good evidence from well-designed studies that it improves health outcomes and because the magnitude of its net benefit is substantial.…”

Section: Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compendium of Measures to ControlChlamydia psittaciInfection Among Humans (Psittacosis) and Pet Birds (Avian Chlamydiosis), 2017

Balsamo¹,

Maxted²,

Midla³

et al. 2017

Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery

165

168

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Psittacosis, also known as parrot fever and ornithosis, is a bacterial infection that can cause severe pneumonia and other serious health problems in humans. It is caused by Chlamydia psittaci. Reclassification of the order Chlamydiales in 1999 into 2 genera (Chlamydia and Chlamydophila) was not wholly accepted or adopted. This resulted in a reversion to the single, original genus Chlamydia, which now encompasses all 9 species including Chlamydia psittaci. During 2003-2014, 112 human cases of psittacosis were reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention through the Nationally Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System. While many types of birds can be infected by C psittaci, in general, the literature suggests that human cases can most often occur after exposure to infected parrot-type birds kept as pets, especially cockatiels, parakeets, and conures. In birds, C psittaci infection is referred to as avian chlamydiosis. Infected birds shed the bacteria through feces and nasal discharges, and humans become infected from exposure to these materials. This compendium provides information about psittacosis and avian chlamydiosis to public health officials, physicians, veterinarians, the pet bird industry, and others concerned with controlling these diseases and protecting public health. The recommendations in this compendium provide standardized procedures to control C psittaci infections. This document will be reviewed and revised as necessary, and the most current version replaces all previous versions. This document was last revised in 2010. Major changes in this version include a recommendation for a shorter treatment time for birds with avian chlamydiosis, additional information about diagnostic testing, including genotyping, clearer language associated with personal protective equipment recommended for those caring for confirmed or exposed birds, and incorporating a grading scale with recommendations generally based on the United States Preventive Services Task Force's methods.

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“…C. psittaci , an intracellular bacterium, can be transmitted by inhaling aerosolized secretions or feces from infected birds ( 3 ). Person-to-person transmission of this bacterium is rare ( 4 , 5 ). Ornithosis, a disease characterized by severe pneumonia and influenza-like symptoms, might develop in persons infected with this bacterium.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Metagenomic Diagnostics for Suspected Outbreak of Severe Pneumonia

Fischer

Rohde

Indenbirken³

et al. 2014

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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Possible Nosocomial Transmission of Psittacosis

Abstract: Psittacosis may have been transmitted person to person in a hospital setting.

Cited by 50 publications

References 2 publications

Laboratory methods for case finding in human psittacosis outbreaks: a systematic review

Laboratory methods for case finding in human psittacosis outbreaks: a systematic review

Compendium of Measures to ControlChlamydia psittaciInfection Among Humans (Psittacosis) and Pet Birds (Avian Chlamydiosis), 2017

Rapid Metagenomic Diagnostics for Suspected Outbreak of Severe Pneumonia

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