Possible pathways linking ploidy level to cell elongation and cuticular function in hypocotyls of dark-grown Arabidopsis seedlings

Abstract

The mechanisms underlying correlations between ploidy level and cell size in eukaryotes remain unclear. Recently, we showed that cell length was higher in tetraploid than in diploid dark-grown Arabidopsis hypocotyls. Cuticular function was aberrant, and expression of genes of cuticle formation was reduced. Here, the links between cell elongation, cuticular function, and ploidy level in the etiolated hypocotyl were examined. Seedlings defective in cuticle formation exhibited shorter hypocotyls. This was due to inhibition of cell elongation rather than cell proliferation, indicating that the reduced cuticular function was a consequence of tetraploidy-induced cell elongation rather than its cause. Inhibition of hypocotyl elongation by impaired cuticles was lower in tetraploid than diploid, indicating that tetraploid hypocotyls were less sensitive to cuticular damage.

LTP2 hypomorphs show genotype‐by‐environment interaction in early seedling traits in Arabidopsis thaliana

“…Dark‐grown long hypocotyls have thick cuticles (Gendreau et al ., 1997), and shorter hypocotyls are associated with pharmacological or genetic disruptions in cuticular wax biosynthesis and deposition (Narukawa et al ., 2015). The greater need for cuticle integrity during hypocotyl elongation in the dark may reflect a seedling's push upwards through the soil while minimizing abrasion and the need for structural reinforcement due to cell wall thinning in very long cells (Derbyshire et al ., 2007).…”

LTP2hypomorphs show genotype-by-environment interaction in early seedling traits inArabidopsis thaliana

“…Dark-grown long hypocotyls have thick cuticles (Gendreau et al 1997), and shorter hypocotyls are associated with pharmacological or genetic disruptions in cuticular wax biosynthesis and deposition (Narukawa et al 2016). The greater need for cuticle integrity during hypocotyl elongation in the dark may reflect a seedling's push upwards through the soil while minimizing abrasion and the need for structural reinforcement due to cell wall thinning in very long cells (Derbyshire et al 2007).…”

Evolutionary Fixed Potential Agronomic Traits in Polysomic Polyploidy Plants with Special Reference to Potato

“…Some polysomic polyploidy lead to evolutionary fixed potentially agronomic traits. Increasing the pathway of PTOX biosynthesis by upregulated genes related Increase podophyllotoxin (PTOX) [59] and TCP [45], the expression of lipid transport genes, wbc11-2 and cer5-2 [46] [47] [48] and by proteins related to cell proliferation, glutathione metabolic pathways and cellulose, chlorophyll, pectin, lignin synthesis [49] [50]. Cytosine methylation genome-wide was as a way to make large body size autotetraploid [51].…”