Possible Protective Role Against Alcoholism for Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Isozyme Deficiency in Japan

Harada, Shoji; Agarwal, D. P.; Goedde, H. W.; Tagaki, S.; Ishikawa, Bunnoshin

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(82)92722-2

Cited by 280 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The rate of alcohol metabolism is principally regulated by two liver enzymes, aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH). A mutation in the mitochondrial form of ALDH, inherited by 50% of individuals of East Asian ancestry and resulting in reduced ALDH activity, conveys protection against the development of alcoholism (Harada et al, 1982), while a high-activity form of ADH is associated with reduced risk of alcoholism (Thomasson et al, 1991).…”

Section: Psychopathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic and environmental influences on human psychological differences

2002

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Psychological researchers typically distinguish five major domains of individual differences in human behavior: cognitive abilities, personality, social attitudes, psychological interests, and psychopathology (Lubinski, 2000). In this article we: discuss a number of methodological errors commonly found in research on human individual differences; introduce a broad framework for interpreting findings from contemporary behavioral genetic studies; briefly outline the basic quantitative methods used in human behavioral genetic research; review the major criticisms of behavior genetic designs, with particular emphasis on the twin and adoption methods; describe the major or dominant theoretical scheme in each domain; and review behavioral genetic findings in all five domains. We conclude that there is now strong evidence that virtually all individual psychological differences, when reliably measured, are moderately to substantially heritable.

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Section: Psychopathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic and environmental influences on human psychological differences

2002

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“…Specifically, a genetic variant in the gene that codes for ALDH2, the mitochondrial form of ALDH, codes for a deficient form of the enzyme. Consequently, individuals who inherit one or more copies of this allele are more much more likely to experience alcohol-induced dysphoria and flushing, and are much less likely to drink heavily or become alcoholic than individuals who did not inherit the deficient variant (Harada, Agarwal, Goedde, Tagaki, & Ishikawa, 1982). Significantly, this polymorphism exists only among East Asians, where nearly 50% of the population carries at least one copy of the deficient allele (Higuchi, Matsushita, Murayama, Tagaki, & Hayashida, 1995).…”

Section: Mendelian Randomization and A Novel Test Of The Gateway Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

The End of Behavioral Genetics?

McGue

2010

Behav Genet

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Although genetic models were in the ascendance within psychology during the early 20 th century, the association of early behavioral genetic research with the eugenics movement served to discredit the field in the eyes of many. Twin and adoption studies throughout the latter half of the 20 th century helped to reestablish the importance of behavioral genetic models and set the stage for the current focus of the field on developing and testing models of gene-environment interplay. Research findings on developmental behavioral genetic research, gene-environment interaction, and the use of behavioral genetic models to test causal hypotheses are used to highlight the contributions of contemporary behavioral genetic research to psychological research. It is argued that future efforts to investigate models of gene-environment interplay will depend heavily of the field's ability to identify the specific genetic variants that contribute to individual differences in behavior. The anticipated yield from genome-wide association studies gives much reason to be optimistic about the future vitality of behavior genetics.The end of behavioral genetics? Recently the developmental psychologist, Richard Lerner, published a commentary entitled, "Another nine-inch nail for behavioral geneticists!" (Lerner, 2006). Lerner began his commentary with the lament, "Why do we have to keep reinterring behavior genetics" (p. 337), but concluded confident in the belief that a critical analysis of IQ adoption studies (Richardson & Norgate, 2006) had finally help put the field irretrievably where he felt it belonged, presumably six feet under. Singing the death knell of behavior genetics has been a popular pastime for critics of the field over the past 100 years, but critiques like that by Richardson and Norgate (2006) have done little to dampen interest in behavioral genetics. It is not that behavioral genetics is above criticism; quite the contrary there is much to criticize about the field. Rather, the reason Lerner and his fellow critics are engaged in the Sisyphean task of "reinterring" behavioral genetics is that they have failed to recognize the enormous impact the field has had on the way psychologists think about individual differences in behavior; they have failed to understand the essential nature of the behavioral genetic research paradigm.The purpose of this special issue of Acta Psychologica Sinica is, of course, to recognize the vitality of contemporary behavioral genetic research, not to mourn its demise. Nonetheless, even as we highlight research progress in the field, it can be helpful to consider how others have reacted to behavioral genetic findings, even the field's most enthusiastic critics. Behavioral genetics has often been caught up in controversy, sometimes unfairly, and an assessment of its current impact on psychology can benefit from both a discussion of the field's historical roots, with which I will begin, and speculation over its possible future, where I will end. NIH Public Access Author ManuscriptXin Li...

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“…Inactive ALDH2 and superactive ADH2 are considered to contribute to alcohol flushing and prevent people from developing alcoholism [5][6][7] . Our previous studies have shown that males with a habit of drinking are at a significantly higher risk for colorectal cancer [8,9] .…”

Section: T H E a L D H 2 G L U 4 8 7 L Y S A N D A D H 2 H I S 4mentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymorphisms of alcohol dehydrogenase 2 and aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 and colorectal cancer risk in Chinese males

Gao¹,

Takezaki²,

Wu³

et al. 2008

WJG

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AIM: To evaluate the relationship between drinking and polymorphisms of alcohol dehydrogenase 2 (ADH2 ) and/or aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2 ) for risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) in Chinese males. METHODS: A case-control study was conducted in 190 cases and 223 population-based controls. ADH2 Arg47His (G-A) and ALDH2 Glu487Lys (G-A) genotypes were identified by PCR and denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC). Information on smoking and drinking was collected and odds ratio (OR) was estimated. RESULTS:

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Possible Protective Role Against Alcoholism for Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Isozyme Deficiency in Japan

Cited by 280 publications

References 6 publications

Genetic and environmental influences on human psychological differences

Genetic and environmental influences on human psychological differences

The End of Behavioral Genetics?

Polymorphisms of alcohol dehydrogenase 2 and aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 and colorectal cancer risk in Chinese males

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