Possible role of hypothyroidism in the prognosis of <scp>COVID</scp>‐19

Daraei, Morteza; Hasibi, Mehrdad; Abdollahi, Hamed; Hazaveh, Mojgan Mirabdolhagh; Zebaradst, Jayran; Hajinoori, Mitra; Asadollahi–Amin, Ali

doi:10.1111/imj.15000

Cited by 35 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Several epidemiological studies have reported nonsignificant associations of preexisting thyroid diseases with COVID-19 similar to the present results [20][21][22]. In a case-control study in Europe, patients with hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism did not show an increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and treatment for a thyroid dysfunction did not decrease the risk of COVID-19 morbidity [20].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…In a retrospective study in the US, patients with hypothyroidism did not have higher risks of hospitalization, mechanical ventilation, or mortality due to COVID-19 [21]. A retrospective study in Iran reported that COVID-19 patients with preexisting hypothyroidism did not have higher rates of morbidity and mortality than other COVID-19 patients [22]. There may be mixed impacts of thyroid diseases on the risk of COVID-19 due to multiple pathophysiologic factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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The Effects of Previous Thyroid Disease on the Susceptibility to, Morbidity of, and Mortality Due to COVID-19: A Nationwide Cohort Study in South Korea

Kim

Yoo

Min

et al. 2021

JCM

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This study aimed to investigate the associations of the susceptibility to, morbidity of, and mortality due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with thyroid diseases. Korea National Health Insurance Database Coronavirus disease 2019 (NHID-COVID-19) medical claim code data from 2015 to 2020 were analyzed. A total of 8070 COVID-19 patients and 32,280 matched control participants were evaluated for histories of hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease, thyroiditis, and autoimmune thyroiditis. The relationships of susceptibility to, morbidity of, and mortality due to COVID-19 with hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease, thyroiditis, and autoimmune thyroiditis were analyzed using a conditional logistic regression. Hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease, thyroiditis, and autoimmune thyroiditis were not associated with susceptibility to, morbidity of, or mortality due to COVID-19. Graves’ disease was related to higher odds of mortality due to COVID-19 in the adjusted model but the confidence interval (CI) was wide, probably due to the small number of deaths among patients with Graves’ disease (aOR = 11.43, 95% CI = 1.29–101.22, p = 0.029). Previous histories of hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease, thyroiditis, and autoimmune thyroiditis were not related to susceptibility to COVID-19. In addition, prior histories of thyroid diseases were not related to increased risks of COVID-19-related morbidity and mortality.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

The Effects of Previous Thyroid Disease on the Susceptibility to, Morbidity of, and Mortality Due to COVID-19: A Nationwide Cohort Study in South Korea

Kim

Yoo

Min

et al. 2021

JCM

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“…Previously published studies didn't find such an association or they were not statistically significant. 4,10 A study from Kuwait reported significantly higher ICU admissions (12%) among hypothyroid COVID-19 patients; however, the same proportion was more than double (27.5%) as per the current study. 12 Diabetes and Hypertension were the most common concurrently appearing comorbidities.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 43%

“…These findings corroborate with those of a similar previous studies. 4,9,10 The requirement of intensive care and proportions of death were significantly more in patients having Hypothyroidism as compared to all patients. Previously published studies didn't find such an association or they were not statistically significant.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

COVID-19 patients with hypothyroidism: a retrospective cohort study from a dedicated COVID hospital of Mumbai, India

Gokhale¹,

Chavhan²,

Adsul³

et al. 2021

Int J Community Med Public Health

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Background: India was one of the leaders in terms of COVID-19 cases across year 2020. Hypothyroidism is one of the common morbidities that may influence prognosis of infectious diseases. However, some previously published literature had suggested that hypothyroidism may not be affecting outcomes of COVID-19 disease. Objective of this study was to analyze the outcomes of COVID-19 patients with pre-existing hypothyroidism and further suggesting determinants of worse outcomesMethods: This retrospective cohort study was carried out at one of largest Dedicated COVID-19 Hospital in Mumbai, India. Of the 16306 patients that got admitted at this hospital in year 2020, all those having hypothyroidism were included. Bivariate analysis was performed using Chi-square test and Multivariate analysis was performed using multiple logistic regression.Results: A total of 251 patients were having pre-existing hypothyroidism (1.54%). More females had hypothyroidism (73.7%) while death rate was more in males (26.3%). ICU admissions (27.5%) and death proportions (18.3%) were significantly more in hypothyroidism. Diabetes and hypertension were common concomitant Co-morbidities and odds ratios for death for diabetes group, hypertension group and diabetes+hypertension group were 4.9, 8.1 and 4.4 respectively in comparison to those having exclusive hypothyroidism.Conclusions: This study deals with an important topic of co-existing Hypothyroidism in COVID-19 patients and we can conclude that patients with Hypothyroidism must be considered to be at risk of severe outcomes. Furthermore, age, male gender and presence of concomitant Co-morbidities increase the risk of worse outcome.

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“…About 0.5% of the 7,162 patients reported had thyroid disease as a co-morbidity (40), which corresponds to a lower incidence than in the general adult population of the United States of America. Another study reported incidence similar to the general population (41). Both studies concurred that hypothyroidism is not a risk factor associated with worse outcome in COVID-19-positive patients (42) but thyroid disorders were linked to higher mortality of COVID-19 infected patients (43).…”

Section: Influence Of Covid-19 On Th Levelsmentioning

confidence: 77%

Physiological Role and Use of Thyroid Hormone Metabolites - Potential Utility in COVID-19 Patients

Frőhlich

Wahl

2021

Front. Endocrinol.

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Thyroxine and triiodothyronine (T3) are classical thyroid hormones and with relatively well-understood actions. In contrast, the physiological role of thyroid hormone metabolites, also circulating in the blood, is less well characterized. These molecules, namely, reverse triiodothyronine, 3,5-diiodothyronine, 3-iodothyronamine, tetraiodoacetic acid and triiodoacetic acid, mediate both agonistic (thyromimetic) and antagonistic actions additional to the effects of the classical thyroid hormones. Here, we provide an overview of the main factors influencing thyroid hormone action, and then go on to describe the main effects of the metabolites and their potential use in medicine. One section addresses thyroid hormone levels in corona virus disease 19 (COVID-19). It appears that i) the more potently-acting molecules T3 and triiodoacetic acid have shorter half-lives than the less potent antagonists 3-iodothyronamine and tetraiodoacetic acid; ii) reverse T3 and 3,5-diiodothyronine may serve as indicators for metabolic dysregulation and disease, and iii) Nanotetrac may be a promising candidate for treating cancer, and resmetirom and VK2809 for steatohepatitis. Further, the use of L-T3 in the treatment of severely ill COVID-19 patients is critically discussed.

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Possible role of hypothyroidism in the prognosis of COVID‐19

Cited by 35 publications

References 10 publications

The Effects of Previous Thyroid Disease on the Susceptibility to, Morbidity of, and Mortality Due to COVID-19: A Nationwide Cohort Study in South Korea

The Effects of Previous Thyroid Disease on the Susceptibility to, Morbidity of, and Mortality Due to COVID-19: A Nationwide Cohort Study in South Korea

COVID-19 patients with hypothyroidism: a retrospective cohort study from a dedicated COVID hospital of Mumbai, India

Physiological Role and Use of Thyroid Hormone Metabolites - Potential Utility in COVID-19 Patients

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