Possible Role of Phytocassane, Rice Phytoalexin, in Disease Resistance of Rice against the Blast Fungus<i>Magnaporthe grisea</i>

Umemura, Kenji; Ogawa, Naoko; Shimura, Masaru; Koga, Jinichiro; Usami, Hideki; Kono, Toshiaki

doi:10.1271/bbb.67.899

Cited by 48 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In Arabidopsis, camalexin has antifungal properties and aids defense against pathogens including Botrytis cinerea, Alternaria brassicicola, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Thomma et al, 1999;Ferrari et al, 2007;Stotz et al, 2011). Berberine, catharanthine, gossypol, momilactones, phytocassanes, and sanguinarine also have antimicrobial properties and confer tolerance to plant pathogens (Stermitz et al, 2000;Puckhaber et al, 2002;Umemura et al, 2003;Fukuta et al, 2007;Roepke et al, 2010;Obiang-Obounou et al, 2011). In addition to the involvement in auxin signaling (Brown et al, 2001;Buer and Muday, 2004), flavonols are protectants against UV light stress (Li et al, 1993;Bieza and Lois, 2001;Emiliani et al, 2013) and herbivores (Wuyts et al, 2006a;Onkokesung et al, 2014).…”

Section: Biological Relevance Of Wrky-regulated Specialized Metabolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of Specialized Metabolism by WRKY Transcription Factors

2014

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WRKY transcription factors (TFs) are well known for regulating plant abiotic and biotic stress tolerance. However, much less is known about how WRKY TFs affect plant-specialized metabolism. Analysis of WRKY TFs regulating the production of specialized metabolites emphasizes the values of the family outside of traditionally accepted roles in stress tolerance. WRKYs with conserved roles across plant species seem to be essential in regulating specialized metabolism. Overall, the WRKY family plays an essential role in regulating the biosynthesis of important pharmaceutical, aromatherapy, biofuel, and industrial components, warranting considerable attention in the forthcoming years.

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Section: Biological Relevance Of Wrky-regulated Specialized Metabolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of Specialized Metabolism by WRKY Transcription Factors

2014

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“…The key differences between the compatible (susceptible) and incompatible (resistant) interactions are the timely recognition of pathogen attack and the rapid, appropriate expression of defense responses (Yang et al, 1997;McDowell and Dangl, 2000;Kim et al, 2001a;Umemura et al, 2003;Lu et al, 2004;Bennett et al, 2005). In incompatible interactions, the plant's resistance (R) gene product acts as a signaling receptor for the pathogen's avirulence (Avr) gene product in the presence of resistance-regulating factors such as RAR1 and SGT1, leading to a form of cell death termed hypersensitive response (HR; Flor, 1971;Shen et al, 2003;Allen et al, 2004;Belkhadir et al, 2004;Bieri et al, 2004;Bohnert et al, 2004;Zhang et al, 2004;Rowland et al, 2005).…”

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confidence: 99%

Vitamin B1 Functions as an Activator of Plant Disease Resistance

2005

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Vitamin B 1 (thiamine) is an essential nutrient for humans. Vitamin B 1 deficiency causes beriberi, which disturbs the central nervous and circulatory systems. In countries in which rice (Oryza sativa) is a major food, thiamine deficiency is prevalent because polishing of rice removes most of the thiamine in the grain. We demonstrate here that thiamine, in addition to its nutritional value, induces systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in plants. Thiamine-treated rice, Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), and vegetable crop plants showed resistance to fungal, bacterial, and viral infections. Thiamine treatment induces the transient expression of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes in rice and other plants. In addition, thiamine treatment potentiates stronger and more rapid PR gene expression and the up-regulation of protein kinase C activity. The effects of thiamine on disease resistance and defense-related gene expression mobilize systemically throughout the plant and last for more than 15 d after treatment. Treatment of Arabidopsis ecotype Columbia-0 plants with thiamine resulted in the activation of PR-1 but not PDF1.2. Furthermore, thiamine prevented bacterial infection in Arabidopsis mutants insensitive to jasmonic acid or ethylene but not in mutants impaired in the SAR transduction pathway. These results clearly demonstrate that thiamine induces SAR in plants through the salicylic acid and Ca 21-related signaling pathways. The findings provide a novel paradigm for developing alternative strategies for the control of plant diseases.Plants, like animals, are continually exposed to pathogen attack and have developed an innate surveillance mechanism that enables them to rapidly ward off attempted invasions by pathogens. The key differences between the compatible (susceptible) and incompatible (resistant) interactions are the timely recognition of pathogen attack and the rapid, appropriate expression of defense responses (Yang et al., 1997;McDowell and Dangl, 2000;Kim et al., 2001a;Umemura et al., 2003;Lu et al., 2004;Bennett et al., 2005). In incompatible interactions, the plant's resistance (R) gene product acts as a signaling receptor for the pathogen's avirulence (Avr) gene product in the presence of resistance-regulating factors such as RAR1 and SGT1, leading to a form of cell death termed hypersensitive response (HR;Flor, 1971;Shen et al., 2003;Allen et al., 2004;Belkhadir et al., 2004;Bieri et al., 2004;Bohnert et al., 2004;Zhang et al., 2004;Rowland et al., 2005). HR-mediated cell death is triggered sequentially through an increase in the intracellular (Bolwell et al., 1995), and variations in protein phosphorylation patterns (Dietrich et al., 1990;Peck et al., 2001;de Jong et al., 2004). Finally, key mediators such as salicylic acid (SA) accumulate and resistance is induced systemically (Gaffney et al., 1993;Durrant and Dong, 2004;Pieterse and Van Loon, 2004).HR eliminates infected host cells that support continuous plant-pathogen interactions. The plant begins to express a subset of pathogenesis-related (PR)...

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“…Unlike necrotrophic pathogens, biotrophs and hemi-biotrophs, have been reported to induce predominantly a SA-mediated pathogen response (Spoel et al, 2007;Tao et al, 2009) and SA-elicitation has been shown to induce NPR1B transcription (Endah et al, 2008;Yocgo, 2011). Timely recognition of the pathogen and rapid, appropriate expression of defence responses has been reported to make a key difference between susceptible and resistant plants (McDowell & Dangl, 2000;Umemura et al, 2003;Bennett et al, 2005). Black Sigatoka development in the susceptible cultivar cv.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Azadirachta indica Reduces Black Sigatoka in East African Highland Banana by Direct Antimicrobial Effects against Mycosphaerella fijiensis without Inducing Resistance

Kumakech¹,

Jørgensen²,

Collinge³

et al. 2017

JAS

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Black Sigatoka is a major disease of East African highland cooking bananas in Uganda. Aqueous extracts of Azadirachta indica, Cinnamomum zeylanicum and Capsicum annuum have shown the potential to reduce Black Sigatoka in banana plantlets. The mechanisms by which plant extracts confer protection against plant pathogens has previously been reported to involve activation of defence and direct antimicrobial activity. In the current study, both antimicrobial activities of selected extracts were studied as well as expression of three defence-related genes using quantitative real-time PCR. Gene expression was compared in susceptible (cv. Musakala, genomic group AAA-EA) and resistant (cv. Kayinja, genomic group ABB) banana cultivars. Additionally, Musakala treated with A indica extract at 1 day before inoculation (DBI) was tested for induction of defence-related genes at 0, 10 and 20 days after inoculation (DAI). Pathogenesis-related genes (PR-1 and PR-3) and non-expressor of PR-genes (NPR1B) were up-regulated in the resistant cultivar. The genes analysed responded at late time points to M. fijiensis inoculation in both extract-treated and control plants in the susceptible cv. Musakala. On the other hand, A. indica and C. annuum completely inhibited mycelial growth of M. fijiensis at 30% (w/v). These findings suggest that the effect of plant extracts on Black Sigatoka is strongly associated with the direct antimicrobial effects.

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Possible Role of Phytocassane, Rice Phytoalexin, in Disease Resistance of Rice against the Blast FungusMagnaporthe grisea

Cited by 48 publications

References 23 publications

Regulation of Specialized Metabolism by WRKY Transcription Factors

Regulation of Specialized Metabolism by WRKY Transcription Factors

Vitamin B1 Functions as an Activator of Plant Disease Resistance

Azadirachta indica Reduces Black Sigatoka in East African Highland Banana by Direct Antimicrobial Effects against Mycosphaerella fijiensis without Inducing Resistance

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