Possible role of tryptophan and melatonin in COVID-19

Essa, Musthafa Mohamed; Hamdan, Hamdan; Chidambaram, Saravana Babu; Al-Balushi, Buthainah; Guillemin, Gilles J.; Ojcius, David M.; Qoronfleh, M. Walid

doi:10.1177/1178646920951832

Cited by 24 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Very preliminary clinical data correlate the better survival rate of COVID-19 intubated patients with melatonin exposure [ 114 ]; similarly, a small randomized clinical trial has shown a statistically significant improvement in clinical and instrumental findings in a group of patients treated additionally with melatonin, with a more rapid hospital discharge and return to baseline health [ 115 ]. A deregulation of tryptophan (precursor of melatonin) production has been demonstrated in COVID-19, which led a few authors to postulate the need of a greater supplementation with this hormone [ 116 ]. Of great interest, a recent multidrug repurposing study on 26,779 subjects affected by COVID-19 elucidated that higher melatonin levels were significantly associated with a 28% and 52% reduced likelihood of a SARS-CoV-2 infection in the general population and in African Americans, respectively [ 117 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Evidence Exist to Blunt Inflammatory Response by Nutraceutical Supplementation during COVID-19 Pandemic? An Overview of Systematic Reviews of Vitamin D, Vitamin C, Melatonin, and Zinc

et al. 2021

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More than one year has passed since the first cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2 coronavirus were reported in Wuhan (China), rapidly evolving into a global pandemic. This infectious disease has become a major public health challenge in the world. Unfortunately, to date, no specific antivirals have been proven to be effective against COVID-19, and although a few vaccines are available, the mortality rate is not decreasing but is still increasing. One therapeutic strategy has been focused on infection prevention and control measures. In this regard, the use of nutraceutical supports may play a role against some aspect of the infection, particularly the inflammatory state and the immune system function of patients, thus representing a strategy to control the worst outcomes of this pandemic. For this reason, we performed an overview including meta-analyses and systematic reviews to assess the association among melatonin, vitamin C, vitamin D, zinc supplementation and inflammatory markers using three databases, namely, MEDLINE, PubMed Central and the Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews. According to the evidence available, an intake of 50,000 IU/month of vitamin D showed efficacy in CRP. An amount of 1 to 2 g per day of vitamin C demonstrated efficacy both in CRP and endothelial function, and a dosage of melatonin ranging from 5 to 25 mg /day showed good evidence of efficacy in CRP, TNF and IL6. A dose of 50 mg/day of elemental zinc supplementation showed positive results in CRP. Based on the data reported in this review, the public health system could consider whether it is possible to supplement the current limited preventive measures through targeted nutraceutical large-scale administration.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Evidence Exist to Blunt Inflammatory Response by Nutraceutical Supplementation during COVID-19 Pandemic? An Overview of Systematic Reviews of Vitamin D, Vitamin C, Melatonin, and Zinc

et al. 2021

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“…Significant metabolic changes are also observed across patient groups at T3, including elevated pro-inflammatory metabolites (21, 22) in group 4, and immunosuppressive metabolites in group 2 (23–26) (Fig. S1C, table S6).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Heterogeneous immunological recovery trajectories revealed in post-acute COVID-19

Y¹,

Yuan²,

Dg³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The immunological picture of how different patients recover from COVID-19, and how those recovery trajectories are influenced by infection severity, remain unclear. We investigated 140 COVID-19 patients from diagnosis to convalescence using clinical data, viral load assessments, and multi-omic analyses of blood plasma and circulating immune cells. Immune-phenotype dynamics resolved four recovery trajectories. One trajectory signals a return to pre-infection healthy baseline, while the other three are characterized by differing fractions of persistent cytotoxic and proliferative T cells, distinct B cell maturation processes, and memory-like innate immunity. We resolve a small panel of plasma proteins that, when measured at diagnosis, can predict patient survival and recovery-trajectory commitment. Our study offers novel insights into post-acute immunological outcomes of COVID-19 that likely influence long-term adverse sequelae.

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“…Moreover the increased level of Taurine in IgGm+ attenuated IL-6 level 20 cooperating to reduce inflammation. Increasing evidence from several studies show that tryptophan can reduce inflammatory reactions and enhance the immune system 21 . Furthermore, recent studies have suggested a link between tocilizumab immunosuppressive therapy and tryptophan metabolism in COVID-1.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An untargeted metabolomic approach to identify antiviral defense mechanisms in memory leukocytes secreting in vitro IgG anti-SARS-Cov-2

Gevi

Fanelli

Lelli

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Available knowledge shows that individuals infected by SARS-CoV-2 undergo an altered metabolic state in multiple organs. Metabolic activities are directly involved in modulating the immune responses against infectious diseases, yet our understanding remains limited on how host metabolism relates with inflammatory responses. To better elucidate the underlying biochemistry of leukocytes response, we focused our analysis on the possible relationships between SARS-CoV-2 post-infection stages and distinct metabolic pathways. Indeed, in cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC, n=48) obtained 60-90 days after infection and showing in vitro IgG antibody memory for spike-S1 antigen (n=19), we observed a significant altered metabolism of tryptophan and urea cycle pathways. This work for the first time identifies metabolic routes in cell metabolism possibly related to later stages of immune defense against SARS-Cov-2 infection, namely when circulating antibodies may be absent, but an antibody memory is present. The results suggest a reprogramming of leukocyte metabolism after viral pathogenesis through activation of specific amino acid pathways possibly related to protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2.

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Possible role of tryptophan and melatonin in COVID-19

Cited by 24 publications

References 19 publications

Does Evidence Exist to Blunt Inflammatory Response by Nutraceutical Supplementation during COVID-19 Pandemic? An Overview of Systematic Reviews of Vitamin D, Vitamin C, Melatonin, and Zinc

Does Evidence Exist to Blunt Inflammatory Response by Nutraceutical Supplementation during COVID-19 Pandemic? An Overview of Systematic Reviews of Vitamin D, Vitamin C, Melatonin, and Zinc

Heterogeneous immunological recovery trajectories revealed in post-acute COVID-19

An untargeted metabolomic approach to identify antiviral defense mechanisms in memory leukocytes secreting in vitro IgG anti-SARS-Cov-2

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