Possible Species of Ferromagnetic, Ferroelectric, and Ferroelastic Crystals

Aizu, Kêitsirô

doi:10.1103/physrevb.2.754

Cited by 758 publications

(469 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Similarly, ferroelectricity is a spontaneous alignment of atomic dipole moments that can produce a net polarization [33]. Other ferroic orders exist, such as ferroelastic-a spontaneous alignment of microscopic deformations [34]-and ferrotoroidoic-spontaneous toroidal moment [35]. MFs are materials that exhibit two or more ferroic orders at the same time [11].…”

Section: Single-phase Multi-ferroic Materials (A) Order Parameters Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-ferroic and magnetoelectric materials and interfaces

Velev

Jaswal

Tsymbal

2011

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

208

144

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The existence of multiple ferroic orders in the same material and the coupling between them have been known for decades. However, these phenomena have mostly remained the theoretical domain owing to the fact that in single-phase materials such couplings are rare and weak. This situation has changed dramatically recently for at least two reasons: first, advances in materials fabrication have made it possible to manufacture these materials in structures of lower dimensionality, such as thin films or wires, or in compound structures such as laminates and epitaxial-layered heterostructures. In these designed materials, new degrees of freedom are accessible in which the coupling between ferroic orders can be greatly enhanced. Second, the miniaturization trend in conventional electronics is approaching the limits beyond which the reduction of the electronic element is becoming more and more difficult. One way to continue the current trends in computer power and storage increase, without further size reduction, is to use multi-functional materials that would enable new device capabilities. Here, we review the field of multi-ferroic (MF) and magnetoelectric (ME) materials, putting the emphasis on electronic effects at ME interfaces and MF tunnel junctions.

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Section: Single-phase Multi-ferroic Materials (A) Order Parameters Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-ferroic and magnetoelectric materials and interfaces

Velev

Jaswal

Tsymbal

2011

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

208

144

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“…A general scheme for the derivation of all possible orientation states in ferroic materials was developed by Aizu,31 who showed that the stable states can be constructed by applying all symmetry elements that are lost during the ferroic phase transition to an arbitrary orientation state of the ferroic phase. A complication arises in the case of BiFeO 3 because the symmetry change between the nonferroic prototype phase ͑nonmagnetic Pm3m͒ and the final multiferroic phase ͑R3c͒ is not purely ferroic in nature.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Weak ferromagnetism and magnetoelectric coupling in bismuth ferrite

2005

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We analyze the coupling between the ferroelectric and magnetic order parameters in the magnetoelectric multiferroic BiFeO 3 using density functional theory within the local spin density approximation ͑LSDA͒ and the LSDA+ U method. We show that weak ferromagnetism of the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya type occurs in this material, and we analyze the coupling between the resulting magnetization and the structural distortions. We explore the possibility of electric-field-induced magnetization reversal and show that, although it is unlikely to be realized in BiFeO 3 , it is not in general impossible. Finally, we outline the conditions that must be fulfilled to achieve switching of the magnetization using an electric field. There has been increasing recent interest in magnetoelectric multiferroics, 1-5 which are materials that show spontaneous magnetic and electric ordering in the same phase. In addition to the fascinating physics resulting from the independent existence of two or more ferroic order parameters in one material, 6 the coupling between magnetic and electric degrees of freedom gives rise to additional phenomena. The linear and quadratic magnetoelectric ͑ME͒ effects, in which a magnetization linear or quadratic in the applied field strength is induced by an electric field ͑or an electric polarization is induced by a magnetic field͒, are already well established. 5 Recently, more complex coupling scenarios have been investigated. Examples are the coupling of the antiferromagnetic and ferroelectric domains in hexagonal YMnO 3 , 1 or the large magnetocapacitance near the ferromagnetic Curie temperature in ferroelectric BiMnO 3 . 3 Especially interesting are scenarios where the direction of the magnetization or electric polarization can be modified by an electric or magnetic field, respectively. Such a coupling would open up entirely new possibilities in data storage technologies, such as ferroelectric memory elements that could be read out nondestructively via the accompanying magnetization. Some progress has been made in this direction. Recently, the small ͑0.08 C/cm 2 ͒ electric polarization in perovskite TbMnO 3 was rotated by 90°using a magnetic field at low temperatures ͑ϳ10-20 K͒. 4 Conversely, early work on nickel-iodine boracite 7 showed that, below ϳ60 K, reversal of the spontaneous electric polarization rotates the magnetization by 90°, indicating that the axis of the magnetization, but not its sense, can be controlled by an electric field. In fact, it was believed 8,9 that electric-field-induced 180°switching of the magnetization should be impossible, because a reversal of the magnetization corresponds to the operation of time inversion, whereas the electric field is invariant under this operation. In this work we show that such behavior is not generally impossible by using multiferroic bismuth ferrite, BiFeO 3 , as a test case to analyze the coupling between magnetism and ferroelectricity.BiFeO 3 has long been known to be, in its bulk form, an antiferromagnetic, ferroelectric multiferroic, 10,11 with anti...

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“…It can be easily shown, following somewhat similar considerations to that of Aizu (1970) and Tendeloo & Amelinckx (1974), that the mutual relationships between symmetry-related bicrystals are described by decomposing the dichromatic point group G into (left) cosets of the bicrystal point group H (H = G):…”

Section: Symmetry-related Interfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Symmetry of bicrystals corresponding to a given misorientation relationship

Vlachavas¹

1985

Acta Cryst Sect A

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371in reciprocal-space components; 0, 0, 1 in the case of K2PtCI4) lies in the plane of scattering or perpendicular to it. The angles and coordinate system used here are defined as for the Enraf-Nonius CAD-4 diffractometer; this coordinate system is not the same as that used in the main text. First calculate Eulerian setting angles ~b and X for 0 = 0. For these angles h is along the y axis and the direction of d is s = XZRd, where R is the reciprocal-space orientation matrix and AbstractA methodology is described that enables the determination of symmetry groups of bicrystals manufactured from a given dichromatic complex. The dichromatic symmetry group is sectioned by a unique twosided plane corresponding to the planar grain boundary and the symmetry elements of the bicrystal are established as those symmetry elements of the dichromatic group that leave the sectional plane invariant. The procedure is employed for investigating generic relations for bicrystals whose components have a given misorientation relationship. It is demonstrated that, for a dichromatic complex with point symmetry * Now at National Defence Research Center, Athens, Greece.0108 -7673 / 85/040371-06501.50 higher than 1, bicrystals of identical symmetry can be created by more than one crystallographically equivalent interfacial plane. Finally, a new scheme is proposed for the classification of grain boundaries. This scheme provides a comprehensive framework for describing the variation of bicrystal symmetry due to changes in the orientation and/or position of the associated interfacial plane.

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Possible Species of Ferromagnetic, Ferroelectric, and Ferroelastic Crystals

Cited by 758 publications

References 16 publications

Multi-ferroic and magnetoelectric materials and interfaces

Multi-ferroic and magnetoelectric materials and interfaces

Weak ferromagnetism and magnetoelectric coupling in bismuth ferrite

Symmetry of bicrystals corresponding to a given misorientation relationship

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