Possible traces of feeding by beetles in coniferophyte wood from the Kazanian of the Kama River basin

Naugolnykh, Serge V.; Ponomarenko, Alexandr G.

doi:10.1134/s0031030110040131

Cited by 31 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…These increases were matched by the acquisition of unique feeding and ovipositing structures among a wide variety of insects [9,154]. However, the Permian also was important for a style of herbivory that differed significantly from the preceding Pennsylvanian Period consisting of insect lineages involved in an older pattern of herbivory and wood boring centered in wetlands floras [9,10,137,148], supplemented by new modes of external foliage feeding, piercing and sucking, galling, seed predation and oviposition [17,20,42,43,46,55,155–159]. In particular, these associations included external foliage feeding [29,33,36,38‒40,52], dominated by margin feeding; piercing and sucking [17,20,52,154]; oviposition [7,31]; galling [20,31,35,36,159]; seed predation [50]; and wood boring [43,47,149].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sixth, seed predation is comprised of a combination of diverse damage types from multiple functional feeding groups that have the common, singular feature of killing an embryonic plant within a seed or damaging an ovule such that it becomes nonviable; examples were rare [17,49,147]. Seventh, wood boring , is the tunneling through cambia, wood or similar indurated tissue within a live plant, but without noticeable production of response tissue; evidence for wood boring comes in two forms: smaller oribatid mite and larger insect borings [46,148,149]. Although fungal infection was noted in this study as an undifferentiated DT58, currently there is no provision for categorization into more discrete, diagnosable DTs [135].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Floral Assemblages and Patterns of Insect Herbivory during the Permian to Triassic of Northeastern Italy

2016

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To discern the effect of the end-Permian (P-Tr) ecological crisis on land, interactions between plants and their insect herbivores were examined for four time intervals containing ten major floras from the Dolomites of northeastern Italy during a Permian–Triassic interval. These floras are: (i) the Kungurian Tregiovo Flora; (ii) the Wuchiapingian Bletterbach Flora; (iii) three Anisian floras; and (iv) five Ladinian floras. Derived plant–insect interactional data is based on 4242 plant specimens (1995 Permian, 2247 Triassic) allocated to 86 fossil taxa (32 Permian, 56 Triassic), representing lycophytes, sphenophytes, pteridophytes, pteridosperms, ginkgophytes, cycadophytes and coniferophytes from 37 million-year interval (23 m.yr. Permian, 14 m.yr. Triassic). Major Kungurian herbivorized plants were unaffiliated taxa and pteridosperms; later during the Wuchiapingian cycadophytes were predominantly consumed. For the Anisian, pteridosperms and cycadophytes were preferentially consumed, and subordinately pteridophytes, lycophytes and conifers. Ladinian herbivores overwhelming targeted pteridosperms and subordinately cycadophytes and conifers. Throughout the interval the percentage of insect-damaged leaves in bulk floras, as a proportion of total leaves examined, varied from 3.6% for the Kungurian (N = 464 leaves), 1.95% for the Wuchiapingian (N = 1531), 11.65% for the pooled Anisian (N = 1324), to 10.72% for the pooled Ladinian (N = 923), documenting an overall herbivory rise. The percentage of generalized consumption, equivalent to external foliage feeding, consistently exceeded the level of specialized consumption from internal feeding. Generalized damage ranged from 73.6% (Kungurian) of all feeding damage, to 79% (Wuchiapingian), 65.5% (pooled Anisian) and 73.2% (pooled Ladinian). Generalized-to-specialized ratios show minimal change through the interval, although herbivore component community structure (herbivore species feeding on a single plant-host species) increasingly was partitioned from Wuchiapingian to Ladinian. The Paleozoic plant with the richest herbivore component community, the coniferophyte Pseudovoltzia liebeana, harbored four damage types (DTs), whereas its Triassic parallel, the pteridosperm Scytophyllum bergeri housed 11 DTs, almost four times that of P. liebeana. Although generalized DTs of P. liebeana were similar to S. bergeri, there was expansion of Triassic specialized feeding types, including leaf mining. Permian–Triassic generalized herbivory remained relatively constant, but specialized herbivores more finely partitioned plant-host tissues via new feeding modes, especially in the Anisian. Insect-damaged leaf percentages for Dolomites Kungurian and Wuchiapingian floras were similar to those of lower Permian, north-central Texas, but only one-third that of southeastern Brazil. Global herbivore patterns for Early Triassic plant–insect interactions remain unknown.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Floral Assemblages and Patterns of Insect Herbivory during the Permian to Triassic of Northeastern Italy

2016

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“…Eight simple borings of relatively small diameter compared to other Paleozoic occurrences (Weaver et al 1997;Noll et al 2004;Naugolnykh and Ponomarenko 2010) were found on a single specimen of a CCP woody element. Although the woody axis lacked any attached branches or foliage, its overall robustness and heavily vascularized structure are suggestive of a rachis of A. waggoneri.…”

Section: Boringsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Nevertheless, there is a detectable shift beginning during the Early Permian toward rare borings present in the more indurated tissues of calamites (Rö ßler 2006) and especially seed plant taxa, particularly the wood of coniferophytes and glossopterids (Zavada and Mentis 1992;Weaver et al 1997;Noll et al 2004;Rö ßler 2006). Throughout the Permian, borings in mostly arborescent gymnosperms are present, where the larvae of archostematan beetles have been cited as offending culprits (Naugolnykh and Ponomarenko 2010).…”

Section: Boringsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Plant-Insect Interactions from Early Permian (Kungurian) Colwell Creek Pond, North-Central Texas: The Early Spread of Herbivory in Riparian Environments

Schachat

Labandeira

Gordon

et al. 2014

International Journal of Plant Sciences

102

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“…Skeletonization, the consumption of the entire thickness of a leaf in which one or more ranks of venation is left unconsumed, is rarely encountered in Pennsylvanian and Permian floras (Feng et al 2014). Wood boring requires the preservation of three-dimensional tunnels or galleries in woody or otherwise indurated tissues and seldom occurs in late Paleozoic adpression floras (Shute and Cleal, 1987), although there are examples where permineralizations occur with preservation of broadleaf floras (Rößler and Fiedler, 1996;Naugolnykh and Ponomarenko, 2010, but see Schachat et al 2014). The earliest documented occurrences of leaf mining are from…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 97%

Insect herbivory from early Permian Mitchell Creek Flats of north-central Texas: Opportunism in a balanced component community

Schachat

Labandeira

Chaney

2015

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology

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The Mitchell Creek Flats locality (MCF) contains a flora from the early Permian (Cisuralian) of north-central Texas that has been qualitatively and quantitatively evaluated for insect herbivory.The level of herbivory is average for a middle Cisuralian flora from this region, although there is a relatively modest number of specimens. Three ecological features of this deposit are noteworthy in the context of the larger plant-insect interaction trends that have been studied across the region. First is a well-balanced distribution across the MCF flora of the five functional feeding groups (FFGs) of external foliage feeding, piercing and sucking, oviposition, galling, and seed predation. These five FFGs encompass 22 discrete insect-mediated damage types (DTs) that indicate a variety of generalized and specialized herbivory. Second is the elevated incidence and diversity of seven gall DTs, indicating an arid environment. Third is the pattern of opportunistic herbivory on the cycadophyte Taeniopteris spp., the single, overwhelmingly dominant host that represents 47.5% of all foliage, 56.9% of all interactions, and 16 of the 22 DTs. This distribution of insect-mediated damage suggests a diverse community of opportunistic, generalized and specialized insect herbivores, including a guild of xeric-adapted gallers engaged in a variety of feeding styles that overwhelmingly targeted Taeniopteris spp. as a host plant. This characterization is consistent with an opportunistic herbivory strategy and supports Feeny's apparency hypothesis, in which the most conspicuous, accessible plant at a site is disproportionately and most extensively herbivorized. Highlights:The early Permian was a critical period in insect evolution.We examined a fossil flora from the early Permian of Texas for insect herbivory.Insects overwhelmingly preferred the most abundant plant taxon.Galling, an advanced behavior indicative of an arid environment, was very common.

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Possible traces of feeding by beetles in coniferophyte wood from the Kazanian of the Kama River basin

Cited by 31 publications

References 5 publications

Floral Assemblages and Patterns of Insect Herbivory during the Permian to Triassic of Northeastern Italy

Floral Assemblages and Patterns of Insect Herbivory during the Permian to Triassic of Northeastern Italy

Plant-Insect Interactions from Early Permian (Kungurian) Colwell Creek Pond, North-Central Texas: The Early Spread of Herbivory in Riparian Environments

Insect herbivory from early Permian Mitchell Creek Flats of north-central Texas: Opportunism in a balanced component community

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