Possible use as biofuels of monoaromatic oxygenates produced by lignin catalytic conversion: A review

Battin‐Leclerc, Frédérique; Delort, N.; Meziane, I.; Herbinet, Olivier; Sang, Yushuai; Li, Y.

doi:10.1016/j.cattod.2022.06.006

“…Anisole was recently investigated as a component model of lignin-based biofuels or bio-oils. − It was chosen as the fuel in the present study. Anisole possesses suitable properties for internal combustion engines, for instance, a high octane number (RON = 114) and a high lower heating value (33 MJ/L) that is superior compared to that of ethanol (21.3 MJ/L) and similar to that of gasoline (30.1–33.3 MJ/L). , Since recent years, anisole combustion has been a subject of interest for numerous fundamental investigations focusing on ignition delay times, laminar flame velocity, chemical species from combustion/pyrolysis, and soot formation. ,,− ,− However, studies focusing on the experimental detection of oxygenated aromatics and OPAHs from the oxidation of this fuel are still scarce in the literature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Anisole was recently investigated as a component model of lignin-based biofuels or bio-oils. − It was chosen as the fuel in the present study. Anisole possesses suitable properties for internal combustion engines, for instance, a high octane number (RON = 114) and a high lower heating value (33 MJ/L) that is superior compared to that of ethanol (21.3 MJ/L) and similar to that of gasoline (30.1–33.3 MJ/L). , Since recent years, anisole combustion has been a subject of interest for numerous fundamental investigations focusing on ignition delay times, laminar flame velocity, chemical species from combustion/pyrolysis, and soot formation. ,,− ,− However, studies focusing on the experimental detection of oxygenated aromatics and OPAHs from the oxidation of this fuel are still scarce in the literature. Although some OPAHs have been experimentally identified in anisole combustion in the literature studies, it is worth mentioning that the species analyzed so far are rather limited to mainly benzofuran and dibenzofuran. ,,,,, Among these studies, there are only two in flame conditions. , Recently, Chen et al investigated anisole oxidation in a jet-stirred reactor coupled to a molecular beam mass spectrometer and reported about 40 signals corresponding to the mass of OPAHs (inferring the overall chemical formulas of OPAHs).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Detection of Oxygenated Aromatics in an Anisole-Blended Flame

Sood,

Gosselin,

Seifali Abbas-Abadi

et al. 2024

Energy Fuels

1

0

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Anisole serves as a pivotal constituent in the model for ligninderived biofuels. Despite considerable interest in these biofuels, their combustion processes have the potential to increase the formation of aromatic compounds, particularly oxygenated aromatics. These oxygen-containing aromatics, known for their increased toxicity compared to conventional aromatics, can significantly impact the characteristics of soot particles and exhaust gas emissions. Recent research efforts have delved into the formation of oxygenated aromatics during combustion. However, our understanding of the kinetics governing the production of these aromatics remains limited, primarily due to a scarcity of experimental data for their identification. This study addresses this gap by investigating a fuel-rich hydrocarbon flame enriched with 10% anisole at an equivalence ratio of 1.90 and atmospheric pressure. Chemical products sampled from the flame underwent analysis using one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) gas chromatography−mass spectrometry setups. The results facilitated the separation and identification of over 100 aromatic species, encompassing approximately 80 oxygenated variants with diverse functional groups, such as alcohols, ethers, carbonyls (aldehydes, ketones), and esters. The molecular weights of these species ranged from 94 (phenol) to 224 (9-fluorenyl acetate). Surprisingly, only a fraction of the identified species have been considered in the existing literature models. Notably, alcohol and ether functional groups emerged as the most prevalent among the detected aromatics, hinting at their crucial roles in the reaction mechanisms involving anisole. The dominant reaction paths are identified and discussed in detail, offering valuable insights for future enhancements of kinetic models pertaining to "lignin-based biofuel and oxygenated aromatics".

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