“…6 and were found before immunization to be below (544 ± 79 µg/L) the normal reference range (800-1200 µg/L) [25] . This finding indicates moderate Zn deficiency in the study participants, which is in line with the previously reported deficiency of this trace metal in the adult Serbian population [40] . Fig.…”
“…6 and were found before immunization to be below (544 ± 79 µg/L) the normal reference range (800-1200 µg/L) [25] . This finding indicates moderate Zn deficiency in the study participants, which is in line with the previously reported deficiency of this trace metal in the adult Serbian population [40] . Fig.…”
“…The analyzed healthy blood samples showed the levels of investigated elements that are in line with the obtained data worldwide, which confirms the validity of our control group. Only the levels of Se and Zn were lower than the data from the literature, which is consistent with research from our region and our previous studies [15,34]. Literature data are lacking on the elemental composition of blood from PCC patients.…”
Pheochromocytoma (PCC) is an unusual benign adrenal tumor with an unexamined status of the elements. This study delivers the first insight into the levels of microelements (Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Th), toxic elements (Cd, Pb, U), and macroelements (Na, K, Mg, Ca) in both adrenal tissue and whole blood samples collected from PCC patients. The results were strengthened by comparing recorded findings with the patients' healthy adrenal tissue (HAT) and with whole blood samples from the healthy individuals. PCCs had significantly higher levels of Zn, Se, Na, K, and Mg and lower levels of Mn, Co, Pb, and As than that of HATs. Compared to healthy blood samples, the patients' blood exhibited considerably higher levels of Na, K, and Ca but significantly lower levels of Mn, Cu, Zn, Se, and Mg. Females had significantly higher levels of essential Se and toxic Pb and Cd in their PCC tissue samples compared to males. PCC tissue levels of Mn and Cu were significantly elevated in smokers over levels in nonsmokers and in PCC patients with tumor sizes below 5 cm compared to PCC diameters above 5 cm. The data presented in this study provide a new insight into the pathophysiology of PCC. Thus, recorded elements should be considered as initiators/modifiers of PCC and potential inductors of malignant transformation. The findings of this research deepen scientific understanding of this rare adrenal disease, which, in turn, could highlight the pathogenesis of PCC.
“…Nuts and seeds could be considered important sources of dietary zinc, which could be significant when planning dietary interventions for the population with zinc deficiencies. Results of previous studies conducted on the Serbian population showed that zinc is insufficiently present in the soil, water, and food and that serum zinc levels in the Serbian population are twofold lower compared to some other examined populations (45). Kafaoglu and colleagues, using in vitro intestinal method to establish bio element concentration dissolved in gastric and intestinal solution, have shown that the highest zinc bioavailability was obtained from hazelnuts and pistachios (46).…”
Nuts and seeds are an indispensable part of the plant-based diet, which is becoming increasingly popular due to the evidence of their health benefits and contribution to sustainability and planetary health. Since the health effects of consuming nuts and seeds directly depend on their nutritional composition and consumed amount, it is essential to know the exact chemical composition of each nut and seed so that appropriate dietary interventions can be adequately planned. The present study aimed to examine the chemical composition of nuts and seeds obtained from the Serbian market and to highlight the similarities and differences in their nutritional composition. In twenty-four samples of nuts and seeds, the content of total lipids, including fatty acid profile, total proteins, including amino acid profile, total carbohydrates (sugars and fibers), phytosterols, and minerals were determined. Content of selected nutrients in grams (g) or milligrams (mg) of nuts and seeds was expressed in one portion (28 g) and as a percentage of contribution of Reference Intakes (% RI) and Dietary Reference Value (% DRV) for macronutrients and minerals, respectively. Some of the seed representatives appeared to be rich sources of essential omega-3 fatty acid, α-linolenic acid (ALA) (flax seed vs. walnut, 6.50 vs. 0.56 g per portion, respectively), dietary fibers (chia seed vs. raw almond, 10.6 vs. 3.4 g per portion, respectively), calcium (black sesame seed vs. almond roasted, 32.4% NRV vs. 8.1% NRV per portion, respectively), magnesium (hemp seed vs. Brazil nut, 38.3% NRV vs. 27.8% NRV per portion, respectively), and zinc (hemp seed vs. pine nut, 21.4% NRV vs. 17.6% NRV per portion, respectively). Our results highlighted the crucial role of seeds in the diet, especially as a better source of nutrients compared to nuts. Furthermore, it was seen that nuts and seeds are different and complementary in their composition. Thus, in order Frontiers in Nutrition 01 frontiersin.org Dodevska et al. 10.3389/fnut.2022.1003125to meet the needs for certain nutrients for which nuts and seeds are used as dietary sources (essential fatty acids, minerals, dietary fibers), it would be beneficial to combine both nuts and seeds as a part of a healthy dietary pattern.
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