Possible Zoonotic Transmission of Hepatitis E from Pet Pig to Its Owner

Renou, Christophe; Cadranel, Jean–François; Bourlière, Marc; Halfon, Philippe; Ouzan, Denis; Rifflet, H; Carenco, Philippe; Harafa, Abdelouahid; Bertrand, J; Boutrouille, Annie; Müller, P; Igual, J. P.; Decoppet, Anne; Éloit, Marc; Pavio, Nicole

doi:10.3201/eid1307.070063

Cited by 87 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Contact with feces from wild animals (wild boar and deer) could constitute a risk factor for HEV infection. In France, the risk factors identified as being associated with acute HEV infection include consumption of water from a private well or a nearby river (34), direct contact with pigs (33,47), and also hunting and residing in a rural area (22). Furthermore, the consumption of undercooked wild boar meat and liver, as observed with figatelli, a traditional pig liver sausage commonly consumed raw or undercooked in the south of France (5), and undercooked liver-based preparations, such as fressure from pigs, wild boar, and deer, could represent additional sources of infection for humans (41,43).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Hepatitis E Virus Seroprevalence in Forestry Workers and in Wild Boars in France

et al. 2012

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f Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a fecally and orally transmitted human pathogen of worldwide distribution. In industrial countries, HEV is observed in an increasing number of autochthonous cases and is considered to be an emerging pathogen. A growing body of evidence suggests that HEV is a zoonotic disease, and pig handlers and pig veterinarians have been reported to be high-risk groups for HEV infection. The aims of the present study were to establish the prevalence of anti-HEV in wild boars in France and to identify whether forestry workers are at a higher risk of HEV infection. Three different anti-HEV tests were used to compare their effectiveness in detecting anti-HEV in the general population. The most sensitive test was then used to investigate HEV seroprevalence in 593 forestry workers and 421 wild boars. Anti-HEV was detected in 31% of the forestry workers and 14% of the wild boars. Detection of anti-HEV in humans was correlated with age, geographical location, and occupational activity and in wild boars was correlated with geographical location. HEV infection is frequent in woodcutters in France, and it varies geographically. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings and to elucidate the transmission route and the exact virus reservoirs.H epatitis E virus (HEV) is a nonenveloped, single-strand RNA virus that has been classified as the prototype and sole member in the Hepevirus genus of the Hepeviridae family (29). The viral genome of about 7.2 kb contains 3 partially overlapping open reading frames (ORFs). ORF1 encodes nonstructural viral proteins, ORF2 encodes the capsid protein, and ORF3 encodes a small multifunctional protein. Four major HEV genotypes belonging to a single serotype have been identified (11). Genotype 1 is detected in most cases of human HEV disease (waterborne epidemics and sporadic cases), genotype 2 is rare and has been found in several epidemics in Mexico and central Africa, and genotypes 3 and 4 are detected in swine and in autochthonous HEV infections in industrial countries (5,19,20,30,34,39,45,49).HEV is a significant fecally and orally transmitted human pathogen of worldwide distribution, causing self-limited disease with mortality rates of 1 to 3% in the general population and up to 20 to 25% in pregnant women. In developing countries, HEV outbreaks have been attributed to feces-contaminated water supplies. In industrial countries, HEV is observed in travelers returning from countries where HEV is endemic and in an increasing number of individuals with no history of traveling to regions where HEV is endemic, particularly in France (5, 6, 20). Molecular analysis of HEV strains has revealed that the strains identified in nonimported HEV cases form a group of genetically divergent isolates compared to HEV strains in regions where HEV is endemic (31, 39). The modes of transmission of sporadic nonimported cases and of autochthonous cases have rarely been determined, with the exception of zoonotic food-borne transmission from pigs, wild boars, and wild deer (19,25,40,41,4...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Hepatitis E Virus Seroprevalence in Forestry Workers and in Wild Boars in France

et al. 2012

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“…Furthermore, HEV antibody prevalence among persons who work with swine [4] and among those who live in the rural southern of the People's Republic of China [13] has been reported. Renou et al and Colson et al reported the possible zoonotic transmission of HEV through direct contact between a pet pig and its owner, and from surgical training on pigs, respectively, in France in 2007 [3,23]. In swine, the duration of viremia after HEV infection is not very long [19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The findings that genetically similar G3 and G4 HEVs have been isolated from pigs [21,23], deer and wild boars [15,20,31], and that serum antibodies to HEV were detected in a variety of animals including pigs [29], deer, wild boars, wild rats [10], dogs, cats, cows [18,26], and monkeys [1,2,6,8,33], suggest that hepatitis E is a zoonosis. Also, hepatitis E virus antibody prevalence among persons who work with swine [4] and among those who live in the rural, southern part of the People's Republic of China [13] has been reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serological Evidence for Hepatitis E Virus Infection in Laboratory Monkeys and Pigs in Animal Facilities in Japan

Yamamoto

Koshimoto

et al. 2008

Exp. Anim.

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“…La consommation de viande de porc insuffisamment cuite ou de produits non cuits sous la forme de salaisons constitue donc un facteur de risque. Un contact direct avec des animaux infectés peut enfin être à l'origine d'infections comme cela a été récemment décrit à partir d'un petit cochon de compagnie [8]. La contamination directe de l'homme par l'animal est également étayée par une prévalence plus élevée d'anticorps anti-HEV chez les vétérinaires et les personnels d'élevages porcins que dans la population générale.…”

Section: Le Virus De L'hépatite E (Hev) Et Sa Variabilité Génétiqueunclassified

“…l'action des éléments de régulation de Nkx2.1, Gsh2 [7], et Dlx5/6 [8]. Chez les souris Celsr3|Foxg1, Celsr3 est inactivé dans le télencéphale mais pas dans le thalamus dorsal.…”

Section: Rôle De La Cadhérine Celsr3 Dans La Connectivité Du Cortex Cunclassified

Hépatite E

Izopet

Kamar

2008

Med Sci (Paris)

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Possible Zoonotic Transmission of Hepatitis E from Pet Pig to Its Owner

Abstract: Hepatitis E is transmitted mainly by water or food, but in industrialized countries, all routes of transmission have not been identified. We describe possible zoonotic transmission of hepatitis E virus that involved direct contact between a pet pig and its owner.

Cited by 87 publications

References 14 publications

High Hepatitis E Virus Seroprevalence in Forestry Workers and in Wild Boars in France

High Hepatitis E Virus Seroprevalence in Forestry Workers and in Wild Boars in France

Serological Evidence for Hepatitis E Virus Infection in Laboratory Monkeys and Pigs in Animal Facilities in Japan

Hépatite E

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