Post‐9/11 excess risk of thyroid cancer: Surveillance or exposure?

Gerwen, Maaike van; Cerutti, Janete M.; Rapp, Joseph; Genden, Eric M.; Riggins, Gregory J.; Taioli, Emanuela

doi:10.1002/ajim.23268

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Previous studies have indicated that the high incidence rate of thyroid cancers in children may have an underlying link to height and body mass index (BMI) in the process of growth ( 2 ). Meanwhile, dust and radiation exposure has been reported as a potential risk leading to the increased diagnosis of earlier-stage thyroid cancers ( 3 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrospective analysis of clinical characteristics and risk factors of differentiated thyroid cancer in children

Chen

Lei²,

Wu³

et al. 2022

Front. Pediatr.

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BackgroundThe incidence rate of children with thyroid cancer has an increasing trend. This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics and therapeutic approaches of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) in Chinese children.Materials and methodsFrom January 1998 to March 2022, 52 cases undergoing surgical resection in Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University were divided by age (≤ 7 years old: n = 14 and 8–13 years old, n = 38). Treatment methods and clinical features were analyzed to evaluate prognostic factors for oncological outcomes.ResultsAmong the 52 cases, the proportion of local invasion in the pre-school group was found to be higher than that in the school-age group (p = 0.01). T stage was significantly different between the two groups (p ≤ 0.05); the proportion of T1–2 was higher in the school-age group (32 cases, 84.2%), while the proportion of T4 was higher in the pre-school group (6 cases, 42.8%) relatively. The postoperative complication rate was dramatically higher in pre-school children (p ≤ 0.05). Additionally, the total thyroidectomy rate in the non-recurrent group was slightly higher than that in the recurrent group (p ≤ 0.05). Over half of the recurrent cases had low T stage and low ATA (American Thyroid Association) risk levels at initial diagnosis (78.3 and 51.4%).ConclusionThe local invasion, tumor stage, and recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury rates of the pre-school group were higher than that of the school-age group, where young age served as a potential hazard in DTC children. Hence, surgeons should emphasize high-risk features and optimize individualized surgical procedures for DTC children.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrospective analysis of clinical characteristics and risk factors of differentiated thyroid cancer in children

Chen

Lei²,

Wu³

et al. 2022

Front. Pediatr.

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“…As an example of existing conditions, van Gerwen et al (2021) discusses current and future research of thyroid cancer in the WTC population. 50 Some studies have indicated excess thyroid cancer, a disease with few known environmental risk factors, among the exposed population. 15 , 16 , 18 , 20 Some have posited that these results reflect heightened medical surveillance rather than exposure-related disease.…”

Section: Special Issue: Examples Of New Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

The World Trade Center Health Program: Twenty years of health effects research

Daniels

Kubale

Reissman

et al. 2021

American J Industrial Med

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It has been 20 years since the devastating terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001.Thousands were injured or killed during the attacks and many more are at risk of adverse health stemming from physical, psychological, and emotional stressors born out of the attacks. Private, federal, state, and local resources were gathered soon after the attacks to address impacts to the community, including the health and wellbeing of both responders and survivors. Many of these efforts are now largely consolidated under the federally mandated World Trade Center (WTC) Health Program. This program provides medical monitoring and treatment of qualifying conditions among the 9/11-exposed population and supports related physical and mental health research. In this commentary, we describe the WTC Health Program, with emphasis on the health-effects research it has funded since inception in 2011.We describe sentinel research publications, and how science has impacted the program. We provide examples relating studies in this special issue to important roles in the WTC Health Program research agenda. Finally, we provide a perspective on future research needs. | INTRODUCTIONAs we approach the 20th anniversary of the 9/11 terrorist attacks, we are once again reminded of the thousands who lost their lives or were injured that day. We also grieve for many more who now suffer from adverse health effects stemming from the physical, psychological, and emotional stressors born out of the attacks. The health of nearly a half million people is potentially at risk from exposures attributable to 9/11. 1 In the aftermath of the attacks, private, federal, state, and local resources supported several postdisaster activities, including recovery actions, the World Trade Center (WTC) Health Registry, and caring for the affected population in several surrounding health-care facilities. Health-care activities were later consolidated with the passing of the James Zadroga 9/11 Health and Compensation Act of 2010 (The Act), establishing the WTC Health Program 1 . The WTC Health Program is a limited health benefits program for qualifying health conditions related to the 9/11 attacks and aftermath. It provides medical monitoring and treatment of eligible responders, initial health evaluations for eligible survivors, and medical monitoring treatment for survivors who have health conditions certified by the Program. The Program resides under the U.S.

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“…Overall cancer rates of WTC Responders were reported to be 6-14% higher than background rates [2,4,[6][7][8][9]. Specifically, excess cases of prostate, thyroid, and skin cancer have been identified among the mostly male Responders [6,[8][9][10], and there is evidence that these cancers may in fact be more aggressive compared with those in the general population [11][12][13]. Additionally, there appears to be a dose-response relationship, whereby WTC Responders with prostate cancer with greater levels of WTC dust exposure present with more advanced stages of disease [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

World Trade Center Exposure, DNA Methylation Changes, and Cancer: A Review of Current Evidence

Tuminello,

Nguyen,

Durmus

et al. 2023

Epigenomes

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Introduction: Known carcinogens in the dust and fumes from the destruction of the World Trade Center (WTC) towers on 9 November 2001 included metals, asbestos, and organic pollutants, which have been shown to modify epigenetic status. Epigenome-wide association analyses (EWAS) using uniform (Illumina) methodology have identified novel epigenetic profiles of WTC exposure. Methods: We reviewed all published data, comparing differentially methylated gene profiles identified in the prior EWAS studies of WTC exposure. This included DNA methylation changes in blood-derived DNA from cases of cancer-free “Survivors” and those with breast cancer, as well as tissue-derived DNA from “Responders” with prostate cancer. Emerging molecular pathways related to the observed DNA methylation changes in WTC-exposed groups were explored and summarized. Results: WTC dust exposure appears to be associated with DNA methylation changes across the genome. Notably, WTC dust exposure appears to be associated with increased global DNA methylation; direct dysregulation of cancer genes and pathways, including inflammation and immune system dysregulation; and endocrine system disruption, as well as disruption of cholesterol homeostasis and lipid metabolism. Conclusion: WTC dust exposure appears to be associated with biologically meaningful DNA methylation changes, with implications for carcinogenesis and development of other chronic diseases.

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Post‐9/11 excess risk of thyroid cancer: Surveillance or exposure?

Cited by 7 publications

References 29 publications

Retrospective analysis of clinical characteristics and risk factors of differentiated thyroid cancer in children

Retrospective analysis of clinical characteristics and risk factors of differentiated thyroid cancer in children

The World Trade Center Health Program: Twenty years of health effects research

World Trade Center Exposure, DNA Methylation Changes, and Cancer: A Review of Current Evidence

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