Post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE) after a single-bout of high-intensity flywheel resistance training

Abstract

This study investigated the post-activation performance enhancements (PAPE) induced by a high-intensity single set of accentuated eccentric isoinertial resistance exercise on vertical jump performance. Twenty physically active male university students performed, in randomized counterbalanced order, two different conditioning activities (CA) after a general preestablished warm-up: a conditioning set of 6 maximum repetitions at high intensity (i.e., individualized optimal moment of inertia [0.083 ± 0.03 kg·m -2 ]) of the flywheel half-squat exercise in the experimental condition, or a set of 6 maximal countermovement jumps (CMJ) instead of the flywheel exercise in the control condition. CMJ height, CMJ concentric peak power and CMJ concentric peak velocity were assessed at baseline (i.e., 3 minutes after the warm-up) and 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 minutes after the CA in both experimental and control protocols. Only after the experimental protocol were significant gains in vertical jump performance (p < 0.05, ES range 0.10–1.34) at 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 minutes after the CA observed. In fact, the experimental protocol showed greater (p < 0.05) CMJ height, concentric peak power and concentric peak velocity enhancements compared to the control condition. In conclusion, a single set of high-intensity flywheel training led to PAPE in CMJ performance after 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 minutes in physically active young men.

The effects of an upper body conditioning stimulus on lower body post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE): a pilot study

“…The CMJ has specifically been used in PAPE studies investigating changes in lower body power production. The lack of differences in jump height performance after a CS found in this study are also found in others (2,24), although other studies showing a significant positive improvement (7,21,23). Similarly, studies that have also chosen to measure power output have seen mixed results, with some studies realizing increases in power output (7,21,23) and others not (2,24).…”

“…These specific time points were chosen thoughtfully. The ideal time course between the CS and PAPE is still unclear with improvements identified immediately post-CS (10,12) to up to 20 minutes post-CS (21). Methodological factors such as type of CS and participant characteristics may play a role in the variability.…”

Influence of Strength Level on the Acute Post-Activation Performance Enhancement Following Flywheel and Free Weight Resistance Training

“…These improvements may be attributed to the SSC, typically involved during plyometric exercises, such as jumping [ 35 ]. A positive PAPE effect on the jumping performance has been reported when using FRTD [ 17 , 24 , 28 , 29 , 30 ]. Although we observed non-significant differences among protocols in the current study, the positive changes in CMJ ( d = 1.19—very large effect) performance in response to the FW conditioning exercise were comparable to those reported in the literature using FRTD [ 36 ].…”

“…Specifically, Maroto-Izquierdo et al [ 36 ] suggested that greater improvements in vertical jump performance were induced after the use of FRTD when compared with traditional resistance training. It seems that, when the recovery time was higher, a superior PAPE effect can be observed in the CMJ using both free weight [ 37 ] or FRTD [ 29 ]. This lack of significance could also be attributed to the moment of inertia used (i.e., external load or training intensity).…”

“…Some recent studies have analyzed the PAPE effects using an FRTD [ 15 , 17 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ], with several reporting improvements in CMJ [ 15 , 24 , 27 ], change of direction performance [ 15 , 24 , 28 ], the standing long jump [ 24 ], swimming [ 25 , 26 ], and lower-limb muscle strength [ 27 ] performance. For example, Beato et al [ 17 ] reported that using a half squat executed with free weights or a FRTD as a conditioning activity resulted in no differences in performance enhancements during the standing long jump, CMJ, or 5 m sprint time.…”