Post‐Activation Potentiation: Is there an Optimal Training Volume and Intensity to Induce Improvements in Vertical Jump Ability in Highly‐Trained Subjects?

Kobal, Ronaldo; Pereira, Lucas A.; Kitamura, Kátia; Paulo, Anderson Caetano; Ramos, Henrique Afonso; Carmo, Everton Crívoi do; Roschel, Hamilton; Tricoli, Valmor Alberto Augusto; Bishop, Chris; Loturco, Irineu

doi:10.2478/hukin-2019-0016

Cited by 19 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(26 reference statements)

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“…< 5 minutes) potentiation responses have also been observed in some studies with both resistance [16,17] and ballistic [13] exercises. More importantly, several studies have suggested the necessity of individualized approaches as the generalization of findings is often not valid for individual responses in the same studies [6,[16][17][18]. In this regard, if we consider our recent taxonomy proposal [7], which highlights the necessity of better identifying the main factors of PAPE as CA, the verification test, and population, it may be suggested that other potential moderators (e.g.…”

Section: Pape Factors and Their Moderatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Post-activation performance enhancement strategies in sport: a brief review for practitioners

Boullosa¹

2021

Hum Mov.

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In this review, we will present and critically discuss how different conditioning exercises can be implemented in training, testing, and competition for the enhancement of performances in different sports, via post-activation performance enhancement and other delayed potentiation responses. The potentiation approaches described here include warming up, testing and monitoring, re-warm-up and priming strategies, and complex training. The post-activation performance enhancement responses can be best described following the new taxonomy, which allows the identification of the best strategies in every specific sport setting. This requires identifying the post-activation performance enhancement factors, which are the condi tioning activity, the verification test, the population of athletes; and potential moderators (i.e. exercise type and loading, timing; recovery interval, target exercise, performance parameter; training background, age, and sex). The inherent limitations to these approaches, including the gaps in literature requiring further studies, may be overcome in practice by using individualized approaches.

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Section: Pape Factors and Their Moderatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further, the physiological profile associated to the demands of each sport (individual vs. team sports; endurance vs. power sports) can importantly influence both PAPE factors and responses [7,19]. But this moderator is not always considered, specifically in studies that mix athletes from different sports [18,35].…”

Section: Pape Factors and Their Moderatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-activation performance enhancement strategies in sport: a brief review for practitioners

Boullosa¹

2021

Hum Mov.

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“…The athlete must resist the inertial force of the flywheel by developing a maximal voluntary braking action (i.e., eccentric leg contraction), which is characterized by a higher solicitation of type II fibers and a greater cortical activity ( MarotoIzquierdo et al, 2017 ; Timon et al, 2019 ). Some interventions have attempted the stimulation of the type II fibers by lifting heavy loads in strength tests within a percentage margin of load-intensity capable of ensuring 3-5 repetitions ( Blazevich and Babault, 2019 ; Kobal et al, 2019 ; Krzysztofik et al, 2020 ; Seitz and Haff, 2016 ). However, some CEs are stiff or do not provide the fluency and speed that the flywheel device is able to provide on the targeted joint kinetics ( Beato et al, 2019 ; MarotoIzquierdo et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Competitive athletes may offer highly different responses influenced by some intrinsic characteristics, such as the fiber-type distribution, muscular strength or training background ( Seitz and Haff, 2016 ; Wilson et al, 2013 ). In this regard, it has been reported that the PAPE phenomenon lacks optimal standards for both volume and intensity ( Kobal et al, 2019 ). For instance, speed-power athletes (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Explosive modalities such as jumping and throwing have always obtained better outcomes than others related with endurance or cyclic sports after brief bouts of high-resistance protocols ( Kobal et al, 2019 ; Krzysztofik et al, 2020 ; Seitz and Haff, 2016 ; Timon et al, 2019 ; Wilson et al, 2013 ). Specifically in swimming, the most significant results have been frequently obtained in the kinetic and kinematic variables collected from the swimming start performance ( Cuenca-Fernández et al, 2015 ; Kilduff et al, 2011 ), with remarkable effects reported after eccentric overload protocols conducted on flywheel devices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Post-Eccentric Flywheel Underwater Undulatory Swimming Potentiation in Competitive Swimmers

Crespo

Ruiz-Navarro

Cuenca-Fernández

et al. 2021

Journal of Human Kinetics

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Underwater undulatory swimming (UUS) influences overall swimming performance, therefore swimmers should try to maximize it. This research aimed to: 1) assess the effects of an activation protocol based on post-activation performance enhancements upon UUS; and 2) evaluate the differences between males and females. Seventeen competitive swimmers (male = 10; female = 7) participated in a cross-sectional study designed to test performance in UUS at 10 m after a traditional swimming warm-up (TRA) and after adding to the TRA 4 maximal half-squat repetitions on an inertial flywheel device (PAPE). A speedometer and an electronic timing system were used to obtain kinematic variables such as time, frequency and velocity at 10-m, which were processed with MATLAB®. A paired sample t test was applied to determine the differences of the kinematic variables between the TRA and PAPE. An independent sample t test was used to determine the effects of the PAPE in males and females. Participants reduced the time to cover 10 m after PAPE compared to the TRA (males: 5.77 ± 0.44 to 5.64 ± 0.46; females 6.34 ± 0.80 to 6.09 ± 0.66; p < 0.05). In addition, trends towards improvements in UUS velocity were obtained for males and females. However, push-off velocity and frequency showed a different tendency between genders (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the warm-up including repetitions on the flywheel device improved UUS performance. Some differences were obtained between genders after PAPE. Further research should confirm if the benefits obtained after the eccentric overload would depend either on gender or on other components such as fiber type composition.

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Within Session Exercise Sequencing During Programming for Complex Training: Historical Perspectives, Terminology, and Training Considerations

Cormier

Freitas

Loturco³

et al. 2022

Sports Med

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Objective. To explore how lifestyle and demographic, socioeconomic, and disease-related factors are associated with supervised exercise adherence in an osteoarthritis (OA) management program and the ability of these factors to explain exercise adherence.Methods. A cohort register-based study on participants from the Swedish Osteoarthritis Registry who attended the exercise part of a nationwide Swedish OA management program. We ran a multinomial logistic regression to determine the association of exercise adherence with the abovementioned factors. We calculated their ability to explain exercise adherence with the McFadden R 2 .Results. Our sample comprises 19,750 participants (73% female, mean ± SD age 67 ± 8.9 years). Among them, 5,862 (30%) reached a low level of adherence, 3,947 (20%) a medium level, and 9,941 (50%) a high level. After a listwise deletion, the analysis was run on 16,685 participants (85%), with low levels of adherence as the reference category. Some factors were positively associated with high levels of adherence, such as older age (relative risk ratio [RRR] 1.01 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.01-1.02] per year), and the arthritis-specific self-efficacy (RRR 1.04 [95% CI 1.02-1.07] per 10-point increase). Others were negatively associated with high levels of adherence, such as female sex (RRR 0.82 [95% CI 0.75-0.89]), having a medium (RRR 0.89 [95% CI 0.81-0.98] or a high level of education ). Nevertheless, the investigating factors could explain 1% of the variability in exercise adherence (R 2 = 0.012).Conclusion. Despite the associations reported above, the poorly explained variability suggests that strategies based on lifestyle and demographic, socioeconomic, and disease-related factors are unlikely to improve exercise adherence significantly.

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Post‐Activation Potentiation: Is there an Optimal Training Volume and Intensity to Induce Improvements in Vertical Jump Ability in Highly‐Trained Subjects?

Cited by 19 publications

References 42 publications

Post-activation performance enhancement strategies in sport: a brief review for practitioners

Post-activation performance enhancement strategies in sport: a brief review for practitioners

Post-Eccentric Flywheel Underwater Undulatory Swimming Potentiation in Competitive Swimmers

Within Session Exercise Sequencing During Programming for Complex Training: Historical Perspectives, Terminology, and Training Considerations

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