2021
DOI: 10.1038/s41591-021-01283-z
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Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome

Abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the pathogen responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which has resulted in global healthcare crises and strained health resources. As the population of patients recovering from COVID-19 grows, it is paramount to establish an understanding of the healthcare issues surrounding them. COVID-19 is now recognized as a multi-organ disease with a broad spectrum of manifestations. Similarly to post-acute viral syndromes described … Show more

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Cited by 3,896 publications
(4,482 citation statements)
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References 225 publications
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“…The post-acute COVID-19 syndrome is a newly adopted de nition which was described as prolonged or delayed symptoms or complications that are seen after 4 weeks of acute infection [4]. In this article, we report two cases of post-acute COVID-19 syndrome that were presented prolonged dyspnea and reduced effort capacity for 4 and 5 months.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 94%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…The post-acute COVID-19 syndrome is a newly adopted de nition which was described as prolonged or delayed symptoms or complications that are seen after 4 weeks of acute infection [4]. In this article, we report two cases of post-acute COVID-19 syndrome that were presented prolonged dyspnea and reduced effort capacity for 4 and 5 months.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 94%
“…Although the pulmonary and cardiovascular systems are among the most frequently affected systems in the COVID-19, it has been de ned as a multi-organ disease with various manifestations [4]. Pulmonary signs or symptoms including cough, dyspnea, hypoxia or ground glass opacities in radiological studies are predominant ndings in patients with pneumonia associated with COVID-19 [5].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The National Institutes of Health has also referred to “long COVID” as post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) [ 71 ]. The reported symptoms span a large breadth of cardiopulmonary and neurologic complaints including fatigue, palpitations, chest pain, breathlessness, brain fog, and dysautonomia [ 69 , 70 , 72 75 ].…”
Section: Part Ii: Resolved Infectionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…With regards to specific cardiovascular symptoms, approximately 20% of individuals reported chest pain and 14% reported palpitations at 60 days [ 76 , 80 ]. Inflammation and increased metabolic and myocardial demand are thought to contribute to persistent cardiovascular symptoms as this has been seen in other severe coronavirus infections such as SARS [ 75 , 81 , 82 ]. A rising number of patients and case studies are also noting a relationship between COVID-19 and postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS) [ 83 •].…”
Section: Part Ii: Resolved Infectionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The central nervous system has become increasingly important in the management of COVID-19 disease, especially because even mild or asymptomatic infections can trigger neurological manifestations, including “brain fog” and psychiatric conditions 11 . SARS CoV-2 is a respiratory virus, but prior reports suggest that it may also disseminate to the brain via the olfactory mucosa 1214 .…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%