Post-breeding flocks of White Storks <i>Ciconia ciconia</i> in southern Poland: size, age composition and the geographical origin of birds

Siekiera, Joachim; Jankowiak, Łukasz; Siekiera, Artur; Chmura, Norbert; Profus, Piotr; Sparks, Tim H.; Tryjanowski, Piotr

doi:10.1080/00063657.2021.1976104

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Our estimate of conspecific density is biased towards younger individuals. However, we are also confident that this is a realistic representation of the white stork’s proportions during migration 69,76–78 . As detailed above (see Subject Details), there are large numbers of juveniles and high mortality rates.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…White storks are soaring-gliding birds that rely on thermal uplift to offset their cost of transport 56,63,68 . Migrating storks travel collectively in flocks 43 that may consist of hundreds of individuals 63,69 . This could provide them with social information regarding routes 40,43 and the migration routes of experienced flock partners influence the routes of inexperienced individuals 45 .…”

Section: Experimental Model and Subject Detailsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…69,[76][77][78] .As detailed above (see Subject Details), there are large numbers of juveniles and high mortality rates. Thus, our estimated density is just a sample of the entire population but its temporal development (i.e.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Experience reduces route selection on conspecifics by the collectively migrating white stork

Brønnvik,

Nourani,

Fiedler

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Migration can be an energetically costly behavior with strong fitness consequences in terms of mortality and reproduction. The fact that costs and benefits may change with age and experience raises the question of whether experience changes the criteria that individuals use to select their migratory routes. Here we investigate the effect of age on route selection criteria in a collectively migrating soaring bird, the white stork (Ciconia ciconia). We perform step selection analysis on a longitudinal data set tracking 158 white storks over up to nine years to quantify how they select their routes on the basis of the social and atmospheric environments, and to examine how this selection changes with age. We find clear ontogenetic shifts in route selection criteria. Juveniles choose routes that have good atmospheric conditions and high conspecific densities. Yet, as they gain experience storks’ selection on the availability of social information reduces—after their fifth migration experienced birds also choose routes with low conspecific densities. Thus, our results suggest that as individuals age, they gradually replace information gleaned from other individuals with information gained from experience, allowing them to shift their migration timing and increasing the time scale at which they select their routes.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 68%

Section: Experimental Model and Subject Detailsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experience reduces route selection on conspecifics by the collectively migrating white stork

Brønnvik,

Nourani,

Fiedler

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…Bird species whose migration depends on thermal currents, such as white storks, must rest overnight. White storks refuel both before and after their overnight rest (Kaatz 2004, Siekiera 2021), and need to conserve energy before starting a long flight of up to 600 km and optimise their timing of migration (Alerstam 2009). Overnight disturbance of sleeping birds, here detected using GSM–GPS tags, can be energetically costly, or in the case of birds sleeping on the roofs of buildings even a few steps may increase the risk of injuries and birds have developed the ability to sleep with one eye open (Amlaner and Ball 1983, Rattenborg et al 1999) to increase vigilance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One such species is the white stork Ciconia ciconia , a large soaring migratory bird, which pauses during migration when thermal conditions are weak, especially during the mornings and evenings (Berthold 2001, Shamoun‐Baranes et al 2003, Becciu et al 2020, Siekiera et al 2021). Due to modern technology our knowledge of bird migration has increased rapidly in recent years, with the white stork being a classic subject of avian migratory studies (Flack et al 2016, Siekiera et al 2021). However, while published results on migratory patterns and decisions focus on diurnal activity, behaviour at night remains much of a mystery.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secrets of the night: roost sites and sleep disturbance factors during the autumn migration of first‐year white storkCiconia ciconia

Siekiera¹,

Jankowiak

Profus

et al. 2022

Journal of Avian Biology

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The migration phase of birds is divided into two main states: stopovers and actual migratory flights. For soaring birds, such as storks, nighttime is especially important to conserve energy and to start the next day in favourable weather conditions. Although there is a large number of recent studies on white stork Ciconia ciconia, for example using advanced technologies such as GPS technology, the nocturnal behaviour of the species is still an enigma. Thus, we GSM–GPS‐tagged 90 immature storks and checked their nocturnal behaviour, especially roost disturbance, during their first autumn migration from breeding grounds in southern Poland to wintering places in Africa. Storks roosted on three types of site: on buildings, on the ground or in trees. Birds that roosted on the ground had a higher probability of nighttime disturbance than those that used trees or buildings. The probability of disturbance at night was also related to longitude and latitude; the most easterly birds and those at the start of the migration route were disturbed more often during the night. Furthermore, and interestingly, environmental conditions at roosts were also significantly related to the probability of disturbance; birds roosting at tree sites with higher NDVI (greener) and with higher levels of artificial light both had a lower probability of disturbance. A possible explanation of this could be related to lower potential predatory pressure at night. We found that after long flights birds were disturbed more often at night, and that disturbed birds migrated further the next day. For a better understanding of the nocturnal behaviour of storks, as well as of other migratory birds, the use of modern technological tools with greater precision is recommended.

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Experience reduces route selection for conspecifics by the collectively migrating white stork

Brønnvik,

Nourani,

Fiedler

et al. 2024

Current Biology

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Post-breeding flocks of White Storks Ciconia ciconia in southern Poland: size, age composition and the geographical origin of birds

Cited by 4 publications

References 14 publications

Experience reduces route selection on conspecifics by the collectively migrating white stork

Experience reduces route selection on conspecifics by the collectively migrating white stork

Secrets of the night: roost sites and sleep disturbance factors during the autumn migration of first‐year white storkCiconia ciconia

Experience reduces route selection for conspecifics by the collectively migrating white stork

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