“…Influenced by the late social ecologist Bookchin and his discussions on ‘libertarian municipalism’ and ‘communalism’, the leader of the Kurdish Movement, Abdullah Öcalan, developed the model of ‘Democratic Autonomy’, which seeks self‐governance and autonomy in Northern Kurdistan through assemblies and councils at each scale, from villages and neighbourhoods to the regional level. The economic aspect of Democratic Autonomy — which is of particular interest for this article — rejects state‐led capitalist expansion, takes the communal modes of economic organization and practice as its basis, and promotes cooperatives across the region (Aslan, 2016; Egret and Anderson, 2016; Madra, 2016; TATORT Kurdistan, 2013; Turker, 2022a).…”