Post-cardiac arrest syndrome: Epidemiology, pathophysiology, treatment, and prognostication: A Scientific Statement from the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation; the American Heart Association Emergency Cardiovascular Care Committee; the Council on Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia; the Council on Cardiopulmonary, Perioperative, and Critical Care; the Council on Clinical Cardiology; the Council on Stroke (Part 1)

Nolan, Jerry P.; Neumar, Robert W.; Adrie, Christophe; Aibiki, Mayuki; Berg, Robert A.; Bbttiger, Bernd W.; Callaway, Clifton W.; Clark, Robert S. B.; Geocadin, Romergryko G.; Jauch, Edward C.; Kern, Karl B.; Laurent, Isabelle; Longstreth, W. T.; Merchant, Raina M.; Morley, Peter; Morrison, Laurie J.; Nadkarni, Vinay; Peberdy, Mary Ann; Rivers, Emanuel P.; Núñez, Antonio Rodríguez; Sellke, Frank W.; Spaulding, Christian; Sunde, Kjetil; Hoek, Terry L. Vanden

doi:10.1016/j.ienj.2009.01.001

Cited by 225 publications

(296 citation statements)

References 361 publications

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“…A main indication of neurological damage as a result of anoxia is coma. 3 All participants were aged over 18 and were English-speaking. All participants had been treated with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD).…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 In clinical practice the main method of identifying ABI and predicting outcome is clinical examination. 3 Clinical examination to identify ABI includes level of consciousness, presence of seizure activity, brainstem reflexes and vestibular reflexes. 3,4 The Glasgow Comma Scale (GCS) is a commonly used scale to rate the level of consciousness, with coma usually being defined as a GCS of below 8.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 Clinical examination to identify ABI includes level of consciousness, presence of seizure activity, brainstem reflexes and vestibular reflexes. 3,4 The Glasgow Comma Scale (GCS) is a commonly used scale to rate the level of consciousness, with coma usually being defined as a GCS of below 8. 5 The GCS is frequently used as an indicator of severity of brain injury with GCS of 8 or less indicating severe brain injury.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The psychosocial outcomes of anoxic brain injury following cardiac arrest

et al. 2014

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Aim of the study: This exploratory study aimed to investigate the psychosocial outcomes for cardiac arrest survivors and explore if there is a greater impact on psychosocial outcome for individuals experiencing anoxic brain injury as a result of the cardiac arrest. Methods: Self-report measures were used to compare the quality of life, social functioning and symptoms of anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress of individuals with and without anoxic brain injury. Secondary measures of subjective memory and executive difficulties were also used. Fifty-six participants (27 with anoxia, 29 without anoxia) took part in the study between six months and four years after experiencing cardiac arrest. Results: A MANOVA identified a significant difference between the two groups, with the anoxia group reporting more psychosocial difficulties. They reported more social functioning difficulties and more anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress symptoms. There was, however, no significant difference in self-reported quality of life between the two groups. Conclusion: As the first known study to compare psychosocial outcomes for cardiac arrest survivors experiencing anoxic brain injury with those without anoxia, the current results suggest that cardiac arrest survivors with subsequent acquired brain injury experience more psychosocial difficulties. This could be due to a combination of neuropsychological, social and psychological factors. Â© 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd

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Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The psychosocial outcomes of anoxic brain injury following cardiac arrest

et al. 2014

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“…Successful resuscitation from cardiac arrest is associated with high morbidity and mortality [1]. Some biochemical markers, such as neuron-specific enolase [2] and protein S-100B [3], have been associated with outcome after cardiac arrest, but predicting outcome in such patients remains an important issue, medical, ethical and economical.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cardiac arrest and post-resuscitation period is associated with cellular necrosis due to hypoxia during the no-flow period, but substantial cellular damage also occurs after circulation has been restored [1,15,16], as a consequence of reperfusion injury and inflammatory response. Harmful processes that occur during the post-resuscitation period have in the past years been targeted with mild therapeutic hypothermia (MTH) which was proven to reduce mortality [17] and was adopted as a recommended treatment in such patients [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prognostic value of cell-free DNA in plasma of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survivors at ICU admission and 24h post-admission

et al. 2014

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Hyperacute autonomic and cortical function recovery following cardiac arrest resuscitation in a rodent model

Guo,

Gharibani,

Agarwal

et al. 2023

Ann Clin Transl Neurol

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ObjectiveThere is a complex interaction between nervous and cardiovascular systems, but sparse data exist on brain–heart electrophysiological responses to cardiac arrest resuscitation. Our aim was to investigate dynamic changes in autonomic and cortical function during hyperacute stage post‐resuscitation.MethodsTen rats were resuscitated from 7‐min cardiac arrest, as indicators of autonomic response, heart rate (HR), and its variability (HRV) were measured. HR was monitored through continuous electrocardiography, while HRV was assessed via spectral analysis, whereby the ratio of low−/high‐frequency (LF/HF) power indicates the balance between sympathetic/parasympathetic activities. Cortical response was evaluated by continuous electroencephalography and quantitative analysis. Parameters were quantified at 5‐min intervals over the first‐hour post‐resuscitation. Neurological outcome was assessed by Neurological Deficit Score (NDS, range 0–80, higher = better outcomes) at 4‐h post‐resuscitation.ResultsA significant increase in HR was noted over 15–30 min post‐resuscitation (p < 0.01 vs.15‐min, respectively) and correlated with higher NDS (rs = 0.56, p < 0.01). LF/HF ratio over 15–20 min was positively correlated with NDS (rs = 0.75, p < 0.05). Gamma band power surged over 15–30 min post‐resuscitation (p < 0.05 vs. 0–15 min, respectively), and gamma band fraction during this period was associated with NDS (rs ≥0.70, p < 0.05, respectively). Significant correlations were identified between increased HR and gamma band power during 15–30 min (rs ≥0.83, p < 0.01, respectively) and between gamma band fraction and LF/HF ratio over 15–20 min post‐resuscitation (rs = 0.85, p < 0.01).InterpretationsHyperacute recovery of autonomic and cortical function is associated with favorable functional outcomes. While this observation needs further validation, it presents a translational opportunity for better autonomic and neurologic monitoring during early periods post‐resuscitation to develop novel interventions.

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Cited by 225 publications

References 361 publications

The psychosocial outcomes of anoxic brain injury following cardiac arrest

The psychosocial outcomes of anoxic brain injury following cardiac arrest

Prognostic value of cell-free DNA in plasma of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survivors at ICU admission and 24h post-admission

Hyperacute autonomic and cortical function recovery following cardiac arrest resuscitation in a rodent model

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