Post-coital vaginal douching is risky for non-regression of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion of the cervix

Chu, Tang-Yuan; Hsiung, Chao A.; Chen, Chi-An; Chou, Hung Hsueh; Ho, Chih Ming; Chien, Tsai Yen; Chang, Hui-Wen; Chou, Cheng Yang; Liou, Jui Der; Kan, Yuen-Yee; Hsieh, Ching-Liang

doi:10.1016/j.ygyno.2010.11.006

Cited by 14 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Women using such products on a regular basis should take measures such as regular use of condoms to prevent sexually transmitted infections and should be evaluated for BV, which can sometime be asymptomatic and thus remain unnoticed by the vaginal product user. Although the particular douche kit tested did not show to have a negative effect on L. crispatus growth in our experimental system, it must be noted that some douching products have been associated with B streptococci and different Candida species (21). Douching has also been associated with a non-regression of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (21).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…Although the particular douche kit tested did not show to have a negative effect on L. crispatus growth in our experimental system, it must be noted that some douching products have been associated with B streptococci and different Candida species (21). Douching has also been associated with a non-regression of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (21). The use of vaginal spermicides and vaginal medications has been known to onset an unstable microflora and BV (22).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

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Effects of feminine hygiene products on the vaginal mucosal biome

Fashemi¹,

Delaney²,

Onderdonk³

et al. 2013

Microbial Ecology in Health & Disease

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BackgroundOver-the-counter (OTC) feminine hygiene products come with little warning about possible side effects. This study evaluates in-vitro their effects on Lactobacillus crispatus, which is dominant in the normal vaginal microbiota and helps maintain a healthy mucosal barrier essential for normal reproductive function and prevention of sexually transmitted infections and gynecologic cancer.MethodsA feminine moisturizer (Vagisil), personal lubricant, and douche were purchased OTC. A topical spermicide (nonoxynol-9) known to alter the vaginal immune barrier was used as a control. L. crispatus was incubated with each product for 2 and 24h and then seeded on agar for colony forming units (CFU). Human vaginal epithelial cells were exposed to products in the presence or absence of L. crispatus for 24h, followed by epithelium-associated CFU enumeration. Interleukin-8 was immunoassayed and ANOVA was used for statistical evaluation.ResultsNonoxynol-9 and Vagisil suppressed Lactobacillus growth at 2h and killed all bacteria at 24h. The lubricant decreased bacterial growth insignificantly at 2h but killed all at 24h. The douche did not have a significant effect. At full strength, all products suppressed epithelial viability and all, except the douche, suppressed epithelial-associated CFU. When applied at non-toxic dose in the absence of bacteria, the douche and moisturizer induced an increase of IL-8, suggesting a potential to initiate inflammatory reaction. In the presence of L. crispatus, the proinflammatory effects of the douche and moisturizer were countered, and IL-8 production was inhibited in the presence of the other products.ConclusionSome OTC vaginal products may be harmful to L. crispatus and alter the vaginal immune environment. Illustrated through these results, L. crispatus is essential in the preservation of the function of vaginal epithelial cells in the presence of some feminine hygiene products. More research should be invested toward these products before they are placed on the market.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Effects of feminine hygiene products on the vaginal mucosal biome

Fashemi¹,

Delaney²,

Onderdonk³

et al. 2013

Microbial Ecology in Health & Disease

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show abstract

“…This relationship, although suggested, has not definitively been demonstrated in large epidemiological or clinical studies. [27][28][29] In addition, some women felt that IVP could both cause and prevent cervical cancer. Despite these health concerns, women continued to engage in IVP in response to male preferences.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining Targets for HIV Prevention: Intravaginal Practices in Urban Lusaka, Zambia

Alcaide

Chisembele

Mumbi

et al. 2014

AIDS Patient Care and STDs

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Intravaginal practices (IVP) are the introduction of products inside the vagina for hygienic, health, or sexuality reasons. The influence of men and Alengizis, traditional marriage counselors for girls, in promoting IVP has not been explored. We conducted gender-concordant focus groups and key informant interviews with Alengizis. The responses were conducted grouped into three themes: (1) cultural norms, (2) types and reasons for IVP, and (3) health consequences. We found that IVP were used by all participants in our sample and were taught from generation to generation by friends, relatives, or Alengizis. The reasons for women to engage in IVP were hygienic, though men expect women to engage in IVP to enhance sexual pleasure. Approximately 40% of women are aware that IVP can facilitate genital infections, but felt they would not feel clean discontinuing IVP. All men were unaware of the vaginal damage caused by IVP, and were concerned about the loss of sexual pleasure if women discontinued IVP. Despite the health risks of IVP, IVP continue to be widespread in Zambia and an integral component of hygiene and sexuality. The frequency of IVP mandates exploration into methods to decrease or ameliorate their use as an essential component of HIV prevention.

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“…39 Tayvan'da yapılan bir araştırmada, düşük dereceli servikal skuamoz intraepitelyal lezyon (LSIL) tespit edilen kadınlarda 36 ay izlem sonucunda %83'ünde LSIL'nin gerilediği belirlenmiş ve gerilemeyen kadınlarda ise en büyük sebebin hijyen ürünleri kullanarak VD yapmak olduğu tespit edilmiştir. 40 Literatürde VD ile birlikte telaffuz edilen sağ-lık sorunları kadınların hayatını tehdit eder niteliktedir. Vajina ekosisteminde doğal olarak bulunan laktobasiller, buradaki doğal savunma sistemlerini harekete geçirerek, mevcut patojen ajanların üst genitallere ilerlemesine engel olmaktadır.…”

Section: Vaji̇nal Duşun Sağlik Açisindan Ri̇skleri̇unclassified

Vaginal Douche and Professional Approach: Review

Okumuş¹

2015

Turkiye Klinikleri J Nurs

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Post-coital vaginal douching is risky for non-regression of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion of the cervix

Cited by 14 publications

References 19 publications

Effects of feminine hygiene products on the vaginal mucosal biome

Effects of feminine hygiene products on the vaginal mucosal biome

Examining Targets for HIV Prevention: Intravaginal Practices in Urban Lusaka, Zambia

Vaginal Douche and Professional Approach: Review

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