Post Concussion Syndrome

Haider, Mohammad Nadir; Bezherano, Itai

doi:10.5772/intechopen.85432

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 132 publications

(127 reference statements)

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“…Similar IL-8 median values in both mild head injury subgroups may result from the fact that the trauma per se significantly affects the course of inflammatory response. On the other hand, neuropathological changes manifested in the form of concussion after head injury may result from functional disturbance rather than more severe structural brain damage [ 29 , 30 , 31 ], which could also account for the lack of difference in IL-8 levels. This postulate was confirmed by Schimmel et al [ 32 ], who indicated that neuroinflammation in response to traumatic brain injury increases neural cell death by interfering with endogenous repair mechanisms and acts through chemokines, cytokines and other inflammatory molecules.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

BDNF and IL-8, But Not UCHL-1 and IL-11, Are Markers of Brain Injury in Children Caused by Mild Head Trauma

et al. 2020

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The aim of the study was to check whether the plasma levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-11 (IL-11) and ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL-1) change in children with mild head trauma (N = 29) compared to controls (N = 13). Protein concentration in children with mild head trauma (12 children with mild concussion without loss of consciousness and 17 children with severe concussion and loss of consciousness) and the control group were measured by means of the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method. IL-8 and BDNF concentration was statistically higher in the group of children with mild head trauma (9.89 pg/mL and 2798.00 pg/mL, respectively) compared to the control group (7.52 pg/mL and 1163.20 pg/mL, respectively). BDNF concentration was significantly higher in children with severe concussion and loss of consciousness (3826.00 pg/mL) than in the control group. None of the tested proteins differed significantly between children with mild concussion without loss of consciousness and children with severe concussion and loss of consciousness. BDNF and IL-8 may be sensitive markers of brain response to mild head trauma in children. The lack of statistical differences for BDNF and IL-8 between children with mild or severe concussion could indicate that their elevated levels may not result from significant structural brain damage but rather reflect a functional disturbance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

BDNF and IL-8, But Not UCHL-1 and IL-11, Are Markers of Brain Injury in Children Caused by Mild Head Trauma

et al. 2020

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Early targeted heart rate exercise is safe and May hasten return-to-duty in service members with acute concussion, a preliminary study

Haider,

Cole,

Willer

et al. 2024

Brain Injury

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Evaluating the complex systems approach to persisting post-concussion symptoms

Nielsen,

Faulkner

2024

Theory & Psychology

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Persisting post-concussion symptoms (PPCS) refers to a heterogenous cluster of difficulties experienced by a significant proportion of individuals following mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Innovative developments by Kenzie et al. suggest that PPCS may be understood as a complex dynamical system, with persisting symptoms being maintained by interacting factors across the brain, experience, and social environment. This paper offers a conceptual and theoretical evaluation of Kenzie et al.’s model, based on a broad set of appraisal criteria drawn from the philosophy of science. Kenzie et al.’s model is found to have several strengths. Areas for improvement highlighted include recognising the role of bodily factors outside the brain, improving the specificity and perceived importance of psychological and contextual factors, and managing the complexity of the model. Four suggestions are then made for continued development of a complex systems approach to PPCS. These include drawing on an enactive understanding of human functioning, utilising the notion of a “scientific phenomenon” to improve specificity, making riskier psycho-social hypotheses, and developing component models targeted at clinical phenomena.

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Post Concussion Syndrome

Cited by 3 publications

References 132 publications

BDNF and IL-8, But Not UCHL-1 and IL-11, Are Markers of Brain Injury in Children Caused by Mild Head Trauma

BDNF and IL-8, But Not UCHL-1 and IL-11, Are Markers of Brain Injury in Children Caused by Mild Head Trauma

Early targeted heart rate exercise is safe and May hasten return-to-duty in service members with acute concussion, a preliminary study

Evaluating the complex systems approach to persisting post-concussion symptoms

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