Post‐COVID‐19 functional limitations in hospitalized patients and associated risk factors: A 3‐month follow‐up study

Bayat, Masumeh; Raeissadat, Seyed Ahmad; Lashgari, Shervin; Bolandnazar, Najmeh Sadat; Taheri, Seyed Nima; Soleimani, Mohammad

doi:10.1002/pri.1965

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The PCFS has been used in PCS Research and has been evaluated in several studies, achieving. both good validity and reliability values [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ]. The questionnaire and manual are freely available at (accessed on 11 December 2022) [ 27 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Greifswald Post COVID Rehabilitation Study and Research (PoCoRe)–Study Design, Characteristics and Evaluation Tools

Steinmetz

Bahlmann

Bergelt

et al. 2023

JCM

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(1) Background: COVID-19 is often associated with significant long-term symptoms and disability, i.e., the long/post-COVID syndrome (PCS). Even after presumably mild COVID-19 infections, an increasing number of patients seek medical help for these long-term sequelae, which can affect various organ systems. The pathogenesis of PCS is not yet understood. Therapy has so far been limited to symptomatic treatment. The Greifswald Post COVID Rehabilitation Study (PoCoRe) aims to follow and deeply phenotype outpatients with PCS in the long term, taking a holistic and comprehensive approach to the analysis of their symptoms, signs and biomarkers. (2) Methods: Post-COVID outpatients are screened for symptoms in different organ systems with a standardized medical history, clinical examination, various questionnaires as well as physical and cardiopulmonary function tests. In addition, biomaterials are collected for the analysis of immunomodulators, cytokines, chemokines, proteome patterns as well as specific (auto)antibodies. Patients are treated according to their individual needs, adhering to the current standard of care. PoCoRe’s overall aim is to optimize diagnostics and therapy in PCS patients.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Greifswald Post COVID Rehabilitation Study and Research (PoCoRe)–Study Design, Characteristics and Evaluation Tools

Steinmetz

Bahlmann

Bergelt

et al. 2023

JCM

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“…Among the 140 individuals analyzed, 103 (73.6%) were female, with a median age of 35.5 (27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43)(44)(45)(46) years. Of these, 55% reported having a diagnosis of at least one health condition, the most frequent being obesity (27.9%), anxiety/depression (25.7%), systemic arterial hypertension (10%) and diabetes mellitus (5.7%).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many published papers have discussed persistent symptoms and functional status after recovery from the acute phase of COVID-19 treated in a hospital setting [31][32][33][34][35] . In the present study, we found that 55.7% of the participants had at least one persistent symptom after one year, and the chance of functional limitation increased fourfold after the same period.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors associated with limited functional status among out-of-hospital patients 30 days and one year after a diagnosis of COVID-19: a cohort study

Laskovski

Felcar

Fillis³

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Some people experience indefinitely persistent and disabling symptoms after acute COVID-19, even those who have not been hospitalized. The purpose of this study was to analyze the long-term health consequences at 30 days and one year among people who were not hospitalized after a diagnosis of COVID-19 and to analyze which variables predict limitations in functional status. This is a prospective cohort study with non-hospitalized adults infected with SARS-CoV-2 in the city of Londrina. After 30 days and one year of the acute symptoms of COVID-19, participants received the questionnaire through a social media that consisted of sociodemographic data and data on functionality through the Post-COVID Functional State Scale (PCFS)—the primary outcome of the study "presence of functional status limitation" was grouped into without functional status limitation (value: zero) and with functional limitation (value 1 to 4), fatigue through of the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) and dyspnea using the modified Borg scale. In the statistical analysis, multivariable analysis was performed. Statistical significance was set to 5%. Of 140 individuals analyzed, 103 (73.6%) were female with a median age of 35.5 (27–46) years. One year after the diagnosis of COVID-19, 44.3% had at least one self-reported symptom: memory loss (13.6%), gloominess (8.6%), anosmia (7.9%), body pain (7.1%), ageusia (7%), headache (6.4%), and cough (3.6%). According to the FSS and modified Borg scale 42.9% reported fatigue and 18.6% reported dyspnea, respectively. As for functionality, 40.7% reported some limitation, being 24.3% negligible functional limitation, 14.3% slight and 2.1% moderate according to the PCFS. There was a univariate association between the presence of limitation in the functional status with the female sex, diagnosis of anxiety and depression, presence of persistent symptoms after one year, fatigue and dyspnea. In the multivariable analysis, the predictor variables for functional status limitation were female sex, diagnosis of anxiety/depression, presence of at least one persistent symptom and fatigue one year after the diagnosis of COVID-19. One year after the disease, the patients presented functional limitation according to the PCFS, even without hospitalization. Risk factors associated with functional limitation include female sex, presence of fatigue, anxiety and depression, and at least one persistent symptom after one year of COVID-19 diagnosis.

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“…These findings are consistent with a study of 444 recovered patients where functional limitations were found in 80% of these patients based on the PCFS Scale; these limitations were affected by age, sex, periodic influenza vaccination, smoking, duration since symptoms onset, need for oxygen supplementation, ICU admission, and presence of comorbidity. 28 Bayat et al 29 evaluated the functional improvement of hospitalized patients who recovered from COVID-19 infection over 3 mos of follow-up in a prospective cohort study; they found that female sex, age, hospital, and ICU LOS were important predictors of functional status (assessed using the PCFS Scale). 29 This is similar to our findings where we also demonstrated that female sex and hospital LOS were predictors of functional status in patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors of Post-COVID-19 Functional Status Scale in hospitalized patients recovering from SARS-CoV-2 infection

dos Santos,

Alves Souza,

Cardoso

et al. 2023

Am J Phys Med Rehabil

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Objective The study aimed to investigate whether peripheral and inspiratory muscle strength and architecture, functional capacity, functional mobility, fatigue and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) are predictors of the PCFS scale score in patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome who were hospitalized. Design A cross-sectional study included 69 patients (53.3 ± 13.2 years, 36 men) with post-COVID-19 syndrome. The following outcomes were assessed: peripheral (dynamometry) and inspiratory (manovacuometry) muscle strength, muscle architecture (ultrasound), functional capacity (six-minute walk test), functional mobility (Timed Up and Go), fatigue (Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy), HRQoL (36-item Short Form Health Survey) and functional status (PCFS scale). Results Functional mobility (β = 0.573; P < 0.001), vastus intermedius echogenicity (β = -0.491; P = 0.001), length of stay (β = 0.349; P = 0.007) and female sex (β = 0.415; P = 0.003) influenced the PCFS scale. Conclusion Functional mobility, muscle quality of the vastus intermedius, length of stay and female sex influence the PCFS scale score in this population. It is noteworthy that functional mobility is an independent predictor of PCFS scale.

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Post‐COVID‐19 functional limitations in hospitalized patients and associated risk factors: A 3‐month follow‐up study

Cited by 8 publications

References 21 publications

The Greifswald Post COVID Rehabilitation Study and Research (PoCoRe)–Study Design, Characteristics and Evaluation Tools

The Greifswald Post COVID Rehabilitation Study and Research (PoCoRe)–Study Design, Characteristics and Evaluation Tools

Risk factors associated with limited functional status among out-of-hospital patients 30 days and one year after a diagnosis of COVID-19: a cohort study

Predictors of Post-COVID-19 Functional Status Scale in hospitalized patients recovering from SARS-CoV-2 infection

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